Alice McGaw: “Mother of Anesthesia”

Medical attendants were the main expert gathering to rehearse sedation benefits in the United States. This began 125 years prior and little was thought about sedation in those days. One of the most acclaimed nurture anesthetists was Alice McGraw. She was to be given the name â€Å"Mother of Anesthesia† for her master use of sedation during medical procedure and her many distributed works with respect to the method. Medical caretaker anesthetists were pioneers in their field. Specialists started searching them out to help with sedation during medical procedure since they could give full focus to the patient.The soonest records set up the start of attendant anesthetists in 1887. From that point forward, they have been instrumental in proceeding improve sedative methods and gear. Albeit formal training for nurture anesthetists was not made accessible until 1909, it is the prior medical attendant anesthetists who prepared for safe sedation and opened way to this claim to fame for medical caretakers. Patients announced less inconvenience and the specialists revealed less passings because of injury during operations.Currently Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) are authorized proficient medical attendants who experience broad preparing subsequent to getting their Registered Nurse (RN) degree. This is viewed as a particular field and expects medical attendants to become board guaranteed through a state test before having the option to rehearse as a CRNA. The motivation behind this investigation was to advise and teach about the ladies in nursing who lead the route being developed and use of sedation. Alice McGaw is generally secret to standard society but then she gave the absolute most complete examinations to this profession.She likewise went through her time on earth as a rehearsing medical attendant anesthetist and earned the title â€Å"Mother of Anesthesia† Alice McGaw is known as the â€Å"Mother of Anesthesia†, a title given her by Dr. Charles Mayo. She was conceived in 1860 and little else can be found in regards to her childhood or tutoring before 1893. It was in this year that she turned into the medical attendant anesthetist to Drs William J. what's more, Charles H. Mayo of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Nursing sedation was the primary clinical nursing strength and initially comprised of predominately women.Factors ascribing to this were low wages, most medical caretakers were female and it was viewed as a respectful situation with the specialist responsible for everything. Prior to the incorporation of attendant anesthetists in surgeries, most sedations had been regulated by clinical understudies or doctors with almost no sedation preparing. During the Civil War (1861-1865) sedation was utilized on the injured however next to no in light of the fact that it was considered excessively hazardous. It was not until 1878 that the first â€Å"official† nurture anesthetist came into being.T he first school of nursing sedation was not framed until 1909. Specialists started looking for nurture anesthetists to attempt to diminish the mortality numbers and in light of the fact that medical attendants could concentrate their whole consideration on the patient instead of on the activity. Sedation advanced contrastingly in Europe and the United States. Chloroform was the favored decision in Europe and ether the inclination in the United States. One of Alice McGaw’s significant achievements was her skill in the open drop inward breath strategy for sedation utilizing a mix of ether and chloroform.It was this aptitude that earned her the title â€Å"Mother of Anesthesia†. She culminated this technique while working for Dr. Charles Mayo and it was he who gave her this moniker. McGaw was additionally worried about the patient’s mental state preceding medical procedure. She accepted that the patient ought to be set up with mitigating words before being anesthet ized. She refined a method that arranged the patient intellectually in order to build the viability of the sedation It was this strategy that lead to a lessening in mid-employable sedation being required.It was in 1899 that Alice McGaw distributed the main paper at any point composed by a medical attendant anesthetist dependent on her work in nursing sedation. The paper was titled â€Å"Observations in Anesthesia† and was distributed in the Northwestern Lancet. Alice McGaw proceeded to distribute five papers aggregate regarding the matter of medical caretaker sedation. The paper in 1906 distributed in Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics was titled â€Å"A Review of 14,000 Surgical Anesthetics†. It noticed that in the 14,000 surgeries for which she had been the anesthetist, there had been no confusions or passings credited to issues with the sedative or its application.This was an achievement in the field of nursing sedation. . During the time that McGaw was the medical caretaker anesthetist for Drs. William J. also, Charles H. Mayo, she and Dr. Charles Mayo set up a grandstand for medical procedure and sedation. This feature pulled in understudies from everywhere throughout the world. This was not formal preparing but rather urged numerous understudies to execute McGaw’s strategy with sedation. St. Mary’s Hospital, where McGaw was the medical caretaker anesthetist for the Mayo siblings later turned into the world celebrated Mayo Clinic. McGaw worked for Drs. William J. what's more, Charles H.Mayo from 1893-1908. Somewhere in the range of 1912 and 1920, right around 20 post graduate schools for nurture sedation opened. The Mayo Clinic was among one of those contribution the program. It was McGraw’s early work that assisted with making the progress of the attendant anesthetist and its ensuing preparing programs. She and other like her spearheaded the field of medical caretaker sedation. Beforehand doctors were 95 percent male an d nursing was not a particular field. This changed with the expansion of the medical caretaker anesthetist. Medical caretaker Anesthetists today are Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA).These are authorized proficient attendants (RNs) who need o represent considerable authority in sedation. They are required to take broad preparing and should be board ensured by test before having the option to offer types of assistance to patients and specialists. In 1931 the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA) was shaped. It would later turn into the American Association of Nursing Anesthetists (AANA). It was the principal national association for rehearsing anesthetists and still exists today. In 1986, the Clinical Anesthesia Practitioner Award was set up by the AANA.This grant was to perceive the achievements of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists who have made significant commitments to the headway of medical caretaker sedation. In 1998 this honor turned into the Ali ce McGaw Outstanding Clinical Practitioner Award to respect McGaws accomplishments as an attendant anesthetist and for her distributions on her work. Without Alice McGaw, nursing sedation would not have pushed forward as fast. Her commitment to consummating her art and the distributions that she permitted others to gain from were instrumental in the field of nursing anesthesia.Her preparing and displaying showed others the significance of sedation and its application. Guaranteed Registered Nurse Anesthetists of today can rehearse their abilities with certainty on account of the significance Alice McGaw set on knowing and culminating the claim to fame of sedation. She was one of the most significant harbingers in her field and her inheritance keeps on developing with headways and accomplishments dependent on her work. References 1. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (2006) History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice Retrieved November 30, 2006 from http://www. aana. com/aboutaana. a spx? ucNavMenu_TSMenuTargetID=173&ucNavMenu_2. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (2006) A Brief Timeline of Nurse Anesthesia Retrieved November 30, 2006 from http://www. aana. com/chronicles/timetable. asp 3. Bankert, M. Vigilant Care: A History of America’s Nurse Anesthetists. New York: Continuum 1989 4. Evans, T. CRNA, MS What is a CRNA? (1998) http://www. sedation nursing. organization/wina. html 5. Michigan Association of Nurse Anesthetists (2006) History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice Retrieved November 30, 2006 from http://www. miana. organization/history/history. html 6. Thatcher, V. History of Anesthesia with Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1953

Picasso Essay -- essays research papers

Pablo Picasso. Self-Portrait. 1907. Oil on canvas.      The formal and visual components generally used, unmistakable, and unique in Pablo Picasso’s Self-Portrait 1907 are line, surface, time, and shading. To the extent principals of configuration go, accentuation on extent and size of specific highlights makes them stick out, subsequently improving the appearance of his face. I picked this fine art in light of the fact that the straightforwardness of the work of art, particularly the intense utilization of line, is speaking to the eye and looks like something I’d draw.      It seems like Picasso began the artistic creation with a substantial layout depicting and misrepresenting the state of the head and its highlights, at that point proceeded to fill in the body and foundation. The lines laying out the eyes, cheekbones, and nose are a lot heavier than the lines making up the mouth. Maybe this is on the grounds that he considered himself to be more the spectator who communicates preferable through his craft over through his words. With the eyes and nose exaggerated, the articulation is one of interest and consistent mindfulness, just as hopefulness and satisfaction. Picasso utilizes directional lines in this self picture. His brow inclines at a similar edge as his jaw and ear, neckline, and lapel. His hair is brushed at a point that matches with the neck, left cheekbone and neckline. His correct cheekbone is a continuation of the line speaking to where his shirt ties down which likewise coordinates the line of his left lapel. It would seem that he...

The Best Books About Obsessive Friendship For Fans of Killing Eve

The Best Books About Obsessive Friendship For Fans of Killing Eve Ever since I saw the 1999 movie version of Patricia Highsmiths The Talented Mr. Ripley,  Ive had a weakness for stories about obsessive friendship. Whether in the Ripley novels, or films and books like All About Eve, Rebecca, and Strangers on a Train, it seems Im not alone in enjoying the tales of charming sociopaths and the vapid friends they become obsessed with. The recent hit TV series Killing Eve (based on Luke Jenningss Codename Villanelle) adds a crime procedural twist to the tale of obsessive friendship. As Tara Isabella Burton wrote in her essay Queer Friendship and the Psychological Thriller,  When it comes to psychological thrillers, the motif of an obsessive friendshipâ€"rooted in the unrequited love of a dangerous, queer-coded murdererâ€"is one of the foundational tropes of the genre. Burton, the author of the new thriller Social Creature, is one of many authors reimagining this classic plot line for the 21st century. Here are some of our favorite recent takes on the tale of obsessive friendship: Social Creature by Tara Isabella Burton Louise has nothing. Lavinia has everything. After a chance encounter, the two spiral into an intimate, intense, and possibly toxic friendship. A Talented Mr. Ripley for the digital age, this seductive story takes a classic tale of obsession and makes it irresistibly new. Tangerine by Christine Mangan The last person Alice Shipley expected to see since arriving in Tangier with her new husband was Lucy Mason. After the accident at Bennington, the two friendsâ€"once inseparable roommatesâ€"haven’t spoken in over a year. But there Lucy was, trying to make things right and return to their old rhythms. Then Alice’s husband, John, goes missing, and Alice starts to question everything around her. Paulina Fran by Rachel B. Glaser At their New England art school, Paulina and Fran both stand apart from the crowd. On a school trip to Norway, the girls are drawn together, each disarmed by the other’s charisma.  Though their bond is instant and powerful, it’s also wracked by complications. When Fran winds up dating one of Paulina’s ex-boyfriends, an incensed Paulina becomes determined to destroy the couple, creating a rift that will shape their lives well past the halcyon days of art school. The Last Mrs. Parrish by Liv Constantine Amber is tired of being a nobody. She deserves moreâ€"a life of money and power like the one blond-haired, blue-eyed goddess Daphne Parrish takes for granted. Amber uses Daphne’s compassion and caring to insinuate herself into the family’s lifeâ€"the first step in a meticulous scheme to undermine her. But a skeleton from her past may undermine everything that Amber has worked towards, and if it is discovered, her well-laid plan may fall to pieces. Give Me Your Hand by Megan Abbott (August) Kit has risen to the top of her profession and is on the brink of achieving everything she wanted. She hasn’t let anything stop her.  But now someone else is standing in her wayâ€"Diane. Best friends at seventeen, their shared ambition made them inseparable. Until the day Diane told Kit her secretâ€"the worst thing she’d ever done, the worst thing Kit could imagineâ€"and it blew their friendship apart.  Kit is still the only person who knows what Diane did. And now Diane knows something about Kit that could destroy everything she’s worked so hard for. Eileen by Ottessa Moshfegh The Christmas season offers little cheer for Eileen Dunlop, a young woman trapped between her role as her alcoholic father’s carer in his squalid home and her day job as a secretary at the boys prison.  When the beautiful, charismatic Rebecca Saint John arrives on the scene as the new counselor at the prison, Eileen is enchanted and unable to resist what appears to be a miraculously budding friendship. In a Hitchcockian twist, her affection for Rebecca ultimately pulls her into complicity in a crime that surpasses her wildest imaginings. Bonus: YA tales of obsessive friendship Genuine Fraud by E. Lockhart Imogen is a runaway heiress, an orphan, a cook, and a cheat.  Jule is a fighter, a social chameleon, and an athlete. An intense friendship. A disappearance. A murder, or maybe two.  A bad romance, or maybe three. Blunt objects, disguises, blood, and chocolate. The American dream, superheroes, spies, and villains. A girl who refuses to give people what they want from her.  A girl who refuses to be the person she once was. Beware That Girl by Teresa Toten Kate O’Brians life has been a series of setbacks she’s had to snake her way out ofâ€"but she’s determined to change that. She’s book smart. She’s street-smart. Oh, and she’s also a masterful liar. She befriends  mega-wealthy yet deeply damaged Olivia Sumner as part of her ruthless plan. But a new teacher becomes an increasing threat to their friendship, and maybe to the girls themselves. But perhaps not as much of a danger as the girls are to each other. Looking for more? Check out With Friends Like These, Who Needs (the word) Frenemies? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

The Merits of Campaign Finance Reform - 938 Words

Jpz777 03/05/2013 Order # 2087510 The recently concluded national election cycle was defined by frenzied campaigning and feverish advertising blitzes that lasted for more than a year, as American citizens were once again charged with the enormous task of voting for their next leadership class. What began with our forefathers modest experiment in democratic governance, built upon a foundation of informed citizenry selecting candidates who best represented shared values on the relevant issues of the day, has since become slowly distorted by the pernicious influence of corporatized campaign funding. The American political apparatus has traditionally been the arena of the affluent, because like almost every pursuit in this free-enterprise country, political campaigning is a business †¦ and, as in many businesses, success often goes not to the entrepreneur who brings a product to market first but to the one who exploits it best (McManus, 2010). While candidates on the local, state and federal level have always been b eholden to major donors, modern elections were forever transformed from contests of relative merit to proverbial spending sprees after the notorious decision delivered by the Supreme Court in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. This landmark 5-4 ruling, made along strictly partisan lines in 2008, reversed more than a century of law regarding electioneering communication and essentially declared that the First Amendments explicitShow MoreRelatedEssay on Campaign Finance Reform1003 Words   |  5 PagesCampaign Finance Reform The politics is a stage for many different characters of whom each is trying to convince their audience to give them the loudest cheer and the grand applause. Politicians who played the acts will do their best and sometimes will do everything to win the hearts of their audience and that means to win at all cost. 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The And Social Justice Advocacy - 1697 Words

In coming to seminary, I had two goals in mind: first, I am interested in interfaith dialog and social justice advocacy, and second, I wish to become a chaplain. As a Christian who holds some unorthodox views, I have wondered what this would look like in practice; how do I preach a word that is true to my beliefs, is theologically sound, and is of spiritual value to the receiver in their own context? At the very basic level of my theology, I believe in a creative force that has brought all things into being, and this force is the ground of all being; it holds all things together and wishes to move all things toward the force’s goal for creation. We can call this the numinous, the mana, the Supreme Being, God—for my theology the term is†¦show more content†¦I see religious rituals as attempts to recreate the foundational experiences of a religion. In this way I do agree with my church’s doctrine that sacraments confer grace. However, I believe that grace is conferred in many ways in our daily lives. The sacraments are unique in their communal aspect; sacraments are something we share as a faith community. There are a number of Christian doctrines that I do not completely embrace. I would not say I reject them, instead I would say that we really have no way of knowing them to be true, and there are other equally acceptable interpretations of the subjects of the doctrines. Among the things that are considered essential to Christianity that I hold lightly are the doctrines of the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, and the cross as being salvific. Let me unpack this a bit. I have a deep and abiding love for Jesus; at the very least I see him as a prophet. Is he divine? I simply don’t know. He could be divine, because I believe that God can do anything. But did God become incarnate in Jesus? How can we know? I have the utmost respect for those who hold to the orthodox Christology of the church. However, I have learned too much at seminary to not leave room for doubt about Jesus’ divinity. If Jesus was divine, that is wonderful; but if he was not, that does not change my love fo r him or my desire to follow him. This brings me to my soteriological views. I believe that Jesus’ saving work was done in his life, in his

Globalization as a Historical Phenomenon Free Essays

Globalization is a historical phenomenon that has been happening for decades now, and whether it generates growth or not is a matter of whose point of view it is. The western countries, especially America and some European nations, are the ones taking full advantage of the benefits of globalization. On the other hand, some experts say that globalization is not doing much for the developing countries, or that it may be even worsening their scenarios of poverty and social inequality. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization as a Historical Phenomenon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization on all levels ia a puzzle. A few corporations in the United States that have moved into other countries would be Fruit of the Loom, Helen of Troy, Triton Energy, Playstar Corp., etc. Many of these companies you may never have heard of, but they are all examples of companies that have moved overseas in order to suit their way of business. These companies mainly moved overseas in order to doge the taxes here in the U.S. These moves affected the cultures in which they have moved in by bringing new products to their communities. When new products are brought into a community, it changes the lives of the people that live there by showing them new and inventive ways to adapt to their surroundings. These companies have affected the areas in the U.S. that they have moved in by changing the wants and needs of the people of that area. When new companies start making new products, the wants and needs of the products will increase, changing the lifestyle of the people in the area. For example, Toys R Us toy making company has been spread all over the world. This company has affected the culture all over the world by changing the wants of young kids and some adults. Other companies such as Walmart have also affected the culture all over the world. If you go into a Walmart in Florida, your more likely to see surfboards, beach towels, lots of tropical, beachy products. Now, if you were to go into a Walmart here in little ole Lebanon, Ky, you’re more likely to see hunting gear, fishing supplies, normal products that are relevant and useful to this area. We have adapted to the products our stores provide us with because of the area and culture we are in. We would have no use for surfboards and beach towels here. These companies that move all over different areas of the world, produce products that are needed and that the community is dependant on. As for the people, they adapt to what the community has provided for them. Just like restaurants, in most communities, you’re limited on options. There is only so many options you have before you have none. Therefore, you have to adjust to your community and go with what you are offered. When a company leaves the U.S. to go overseas to begin again, the people in the U.S. will learn to adapt to whatever has changed or fell into the past companies place. There are companies that have moved into the U.S. and taken over the market. For example, Apple has taken over a widespread of the market in several different countries. Apple has brought us new and inventive ways to communicate over the years. With this being said, Apple has changed the lifestyle of millions of different people. This company has changed our culture by changing the way we communicate, and the way we associate with others. Some may argue this company is for the better, others may say they’ve changed our culture in a way that is not fixable. These companies that come into or out of the U.S. always change the culture of the area. Whether it be for the better, or for the worse, they always indicate a cause and effect on the community around them. Companies like Toyota, and Ford, have also spread into other countries. They have created products that other countries need in order for their lifestyle to be complete. They need the parts and other products of these companies in order to make a living in their own country. Without our companies in the U.S. willing to share with other countries, they would not have what is needed there in order for their communities to run correctly. Like I said, these companies that go in and out of the U.S. either make it or break it in the other countries. They could be useful or necessary to those countries. Either way, they still change the culture around them by changing the wants and needs of that community. As the World Commission on Culture and Development (WCCD) noted, a society’s culture is neither static nor unchanging but rather is in a constant state of flux, influencing and being influenced by other world-views and expressive forms. This meaning, no matter the change in the culture, society will still adapt in one way or another. Balancing the benefits of integrating into a globalized world against protecting the uniqueness of local culture requires a careful approach. Placing culture at the heart of development policies does not mean to confine and fix it in a conservative way, but on the contrary to invest in the potential of local resources, knowledge, skills and materials to foster creativity and sustainable progress. When companies move overseas, into a different area, they tend to come up with new products to satisfy their customers. Whatever is needed in the area will be the prime goal to make possible. For example, if Walmart moved overseas into Australia, they would more than likely need to supply more products that suit that area. As time goes along, they may produce more products that the society may want or need. This changes their culture or everyday life. In a way, it’s like a circle. The company produces products that the stores sale, and as the company produces new products, they make more money off of people’s wants and needs. So somehow, it all revolves around culture. The things that make up the company, change the way they do things, which changes the outlook of people. If a company moves away from that area, it could have a huge affect on people. For example, if company you love went out of business, you would not be able to buy any more of their products. But, you would adapt and get used to that company being gone, and you would choose a new company that produces the same items. An interesting fact would be Job outsourcing helps U.S. companies be more competitive in the global marketplace. It allows them to sell to foreign markets with overseas branches. They keep labor costs low by hiring in emerging markets with lower standards of living. That lowers prices on the goods they ship back to the United States. In our case, moving companies overseas allowed us to do better financially. Overall, the effect companies have when they move overseas is usually good. Companies change the culture of society in order to fit their needs. As for the U.S., we benefit from this. It’s globalization, we do things in order to do better business, make more money, and share new ideas. Globalization has affected our world in a great way. It has changed our perspective, and culture for the better. Without it, we would not be as successful as we are right now in our companies. Everyday, we’re supplying new companies, and it’s changing our world right before our eyes. Today, might just be the day, we supply a new company and change the entire world for the better. How to cite Globalization as a Historical Phenomenon, Papers

The Financial and European Economic Crisis 2008 †2012

Introduction Global financial crisis which too place in 2008-2012 was the worst financial crisis of the time which can be compared to the great depression of 1930’s only (Dick 2009). This global crisis is also known as the great recession or the late 2000s financial crisis due to the timing of its occurrence and its overall implication. This crisis had a negative impact on different sectors of the economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial and European Economic Crisis 2008 – 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, in the housing sector, it resulted in foreclosures, several evictions, and a widespread unemployment levels. In the financial sub sector, it caused several collapse of major financial institutions; down pricing of several stock market prices. It also resulted in the declines in billions of consumer wealth and failures in businesses due to decline in the overall econ omic activity. This crisis was not a natural disaster but was initiated complex factors. For instance, in the United States, it was caused by banking sector liquidity and valuation problems which occurred in 2008. Specifically, the problem was necessitated by the failure of regulators and credit rating agencies to correct predict the situation, complex and high risk financial products, unrevealed conflicts of interest, open-minded application of Gaussian copula function and the failure of effective tracking of data provenance. The opponents argue that credit agencies failed to correctly price the mortgages related products while the governments were also rigid in relaxing the regulatory practices in order to adequately address the financial challenges of the 21st century. This caused the value of securities linked to the housing to rise causing a lot of havoc to the financial institutions. The fall in the value of securities were partly attributed to the low confidence from investor s, bank insolvency and decline in credit availability. Such events as decline of the trade in the international market along with the extreme tightening of the credit led to the quite predictable consequences, one of them is the lowering of the level of the economic development in the global perspective. To correct such adverse situation, several governments employed different fiscal stimuli programmes, institutional bailouts and monetary expansion policies. This slowed the rampaging crisis which ended between the year 2008 and 2009.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More European economic debt crisis The European economic debt crisis is a financial problem which made it hard for Euro zone member states to refinance their government obligations without any third party assistance (Dick 2009). This situation started from the end of year 2009 due to fear amongst investors as a result of rising government liabilities around the globe coupled with the downgrading of countries liabilities in some European states. By the end of year 2000, European finance ministers accepted a rescue plan valued at 75 billion sterling pounds to offer financial stability. To restore confidence in the euro zone and prevent the collapse of economies, several attempts were also proposed. The first step was the acceptance of the universal fiscal union by all states, one of the conditions was that each country was obliged to put in action a balance budget amendment. The second necessary condition for all banks was that all of them agreed to accept a 53.5 percent write off agreement to debts owed to private creditors in Greece and finally, an agreement was reached to expand the European Financial Stability Facility by 250 billion pounds with an additional requirement of 9 percent capitalization set on all European banks. This resulted in stabilization of most European economies while others like Greek, Portugal and Ireland which constitute almost over 6 percent of the Euro zone’s gross domestic product were still left behind. However, during this period, the regional currency remained stronger against many currencies and trading partners. This crisis was caused by a multiple of complex factors. First, it was caused by the easy credit conditions of 2002-2008 which encouraged high risk lending and borrowing practices amongst banks. Globalization of finance, real estate bubbles resulting in high prices, slow economic growth of 2008, fiscal policies choices of government revenues and expenses, diverse strategies employed to bail out troubled financial institutions and private bond holders and assuming private debt burdens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial and European Economic Crisis 2008 – 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, other schools of thought argued that, the problem was necessitated by a pool of savings gathered between 2000-2007 periods which overwhelmed regulatory mechanisms. Apart from the Euro zone, the global crisis lowered the level of economic development in other countries of the world. In this paper, we will focus on the Australian banks. Table 1: Interest income and operating expenses of National Australian Bank 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Interest income (Million $) 14.6 15.4 16.9 8.2 Operating expenses (Million $) 15.23 7.4 7.3 2.4 Variation in interest income 0.28% 8.30% 5.80% 9.70% -3.30% % changes in cost 4.98% 0.90% -2% -2.40% Source: National Australian Bank (2006; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010;2011). It is true that the European debt crisis have had a negative impact on the Australian banks. For instance, in the above table, it is clear that from the crisis period, the profitability of National bank of Australia have recorded a negative profitability levels. This has shown a steady increase from the 2007. T he company recorded a negative interest income of 3.3 percent to settle at 8.2 million US dollars from 16.9 million US dollars in 2009. However, during the same period, the operating expenses recorded a decrease. Table 2: Cash return on Equity 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Cash Return on Equity 17.70% 17.10% 14.30% 11.90% 12.90% Source: National Australian Bank (2006; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010;2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The National Australian bank return on equity has been below the 20 percent mark for the current period under study. During the crisis of 2007-2008, the return on equity of this bank dropped drastically for the high of 17.1 percent to 14.30 percent representing an almost 3 percent drop. This drop was also witnessed after the crisis in 2009 where the mark reached its lowest level of 11.9%. However, by the end of 2010, return on equity started gaining momentum and recorded an increase of 1 percent to settle at 12.9 percent which is a massive increase in the financial sector. Conclusion In conclusion, it should be mentioned that the financial and European economic crises of the years 2008 – 2012 had made a great impact on the global economy and influenced economic development of each country of the world. In particular, it have had a negative impact on the Australian banking sector. This is evidenced in the financial statement of the National Australian Bank. The recent events d ictate particular actions that governments should take to restore the economies of their states. Thus, It is now important for government to come up with good control mechanisms to help mitigate more impact of these crises on these banks. References Dick, KN 2009, The global financial crisis: Analysis and policy implications, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34742.pdf. National Australian Bank 2008, Full year financial results, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/financial-results/Full-Year-Results-2008.pdf. National Australian Bank 2009, Full year financial results, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/financial-results/Full-Year-Results-2009.pdf. National Australian Bank 2007, Full year financial report, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/financial-results/Full-Year-Results-2007.pdf. National Australian Bank 2010, Full year financial result, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/financial-results/Full-Year-Results-2010.pdf. National Australian Bank 2006, Full year f inancial result, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/financial-results/Full-Year-Results-2006.pdf. National Australian Bank, 2011, Third quarter trading results, http://www.nab.com.au/NABGroup/archives/investor-presentations/Third-Quarter-Trading-Update-2011.pdf. This essay on The Financial and European Economic Crisis 2008 – 2012 was written and submitted by user Galilea L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Opinions on Corporate Social Responsibility

Opinions on Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility is an essential aspect in the business world. It is an obligation for a business organization to pursue long term goals that are good for the society. It can also be termed as the continuing commitment by business firms to behave in an ethical manner and contribute to economic development while at the same time enhancing the quality of life of the employees and their families.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Opinions on Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The business firm should also enhance the lives of the local community and the entire society around which it operates (Kotler, 2005). This piece of work looks at an individual, Karl Mark, evaluating him with respect to corporate social responsibility and its effects on his career. Discussion Abiding by corporate social responsibility practices is not only beneficial to a business organization but also to individuals who participate in it. An individual’s perception and view about the idea of corporate social responsibility influences ones life greatly in terms of career progression and the behavior of the general public towards the individual. This therefore dictates that it is advisable to support the idea of corporate social responsibility for the sake of one’s prosperity as well as that of the society at large despite the cost that could be involved. Karl Marx was an active economic activist and socialist who was involved with many activities during his lifetime. It is evident that Karl Marx would totally support the idea of corporate social responsibility. This is because of his nature and how he perceived life in general. He cared more about the communities and would therefore support any effort aimed at supporting the society in any way. He was against capitalism and supported collective gain among the society members (Marx, not dated). In his career , Karl Mark was able to succeed due to the support he gave to the society in regard to advocating for developmental projects aimed at helping members of the society in an effort to uplift their living standards. Karl Mark’s economic and socialist work gained considerable support from people due to the fact that the benefits associated with the activities were clear (Marx, Easton and Guddat, 1997).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business organizations should operate bearing in mind that the society is a crucial element that contributes towards their success. Without the support of the people who surround a business organization, it is difficult for it to succeed in its undertakings. This is because it requires a symbiotic relationship to be established between a business enterprise and the society around it. This is so as both need each other for success. A business organization may need the society as buyers as well suppliers. They could also be a source of workforce in various positions for example marketers bearing in mind that they are in a better position to reach as many clients as possible. The business should therefore go an extra mile in providing services to the society as a way of fulfilling corporate social responsibility. This could be through undertaking of some developmental projects that aim at enhancing the lives of the people. Throughout his entire life, Karl Marx attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the society and its nature in an effort to ensure that their rights are fulfilled. He for example supported aspects like education and enlightenment of the people so that they would be in a position to fight for their rights and social justice. Provision of educative programs by business enterprises to the community is a form of corporate social responsibility and plays a great role in ensuring that members of the society are well equipped with some knowledge and skills which in turn allows them to live a better and sustainable life for instance through securing employment opportunities (Eastman, 1959). There are various benefits associated with corporate social responsibility. For example, it avoids excessive regulation, it is ethical and improves an individual’s and firm’s public image, enhances the social environment and more so, some socially responsible actions are profitable. It is also a good way of correcting social problems that might have been caused by various activities. In cases of a business, it provides a competitive advantage, attracts and retains employees through motivation and attracts investors. It therefore follows that business enterprises should always foster corporate social responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Opinions on Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Although Karl Mark received a lot of objections from the authorities such as the governments, he tried his best to enhance the lives of the society and for this reason his name and work will live to be remembered over the years. This is more so because of his contribution towards the understanding of society (Foot, 2004). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that corporate social responsibility is critical to economic development due to the fact that it empowers societies. Abiding by corporate social responsibility practices is not only beneficial to a business organization but also to individuals who participate in it. An individual’s perception and view about the idea of corporate social responsibility influences his or her career and how the general public reacts towards him or her. Reference List Eastman, M. (1959). Capital, the Communist Manifesto and Other Writings. New York: Modern Library. Foot, P. (2004). Karl Marx: the Best Hated Man, Social ist review. Web. Kotler, P. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Marx, K. (n d). Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx K, Easton, D.L and Guddat H.K. (1997). Writings of the Young Marx on Philosophy and Society. New York: Hackett Publishing.

Simple Japanese Phrases

Simple Japanese Phrases   This is a collection of easy Japanese phrases. Speaking Japanese shouldnt be too complicated even for beginners. Try these simple phrases whenever you have a chance. The more you practice, the better you get! The Japanese writings for each phrase are included for your reading and writing practice. If you have any questions, please  email me. For your convenience I have broken the phrases into three sections. Please scroll down to see all sections. Level 1 *  Question Words*  Ã‚  Responding*  Ã‚  Responding in  Agreement Part1*  Ã‚  Responding in  Agreement Part2*  Ã‚  Disagreement Responses*  Ã‚  Refusal*  Ã‚  Request/Command*  Ã‚  Unfavorable Responses*  Ã‚  Praising Appearance*  Ã‚  Praising Characteristics*  Ã‚  Praising Intelligence*  Ã‚  Emergency*  Ã‚  Useful Expressions*  Ã‚  Useful Adjectives*  Ã‚  Basic Verbs*  Ã‚  Useful AdverbsLevel 2 *  Greetings*  Partings*  Asking How*  Various Questions Part 1*  Various Questions Part 2*  Responding in  Agreement Part 1*  Responding in  Agreement Part 2*  Disagreement Responses*  Refusal*  Command*  Command (Dont ~)*  Encouragement*  Surprise*  Happiness*  Anger*  Sadness*  Weather*  Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant*  Useful Expressions - Shopping*  Useful Expressions - At a Party Level 3 *  Greetings*  Various Questions Part 1*  Various Questions Part 2*  Responding in Agreement*  Disagreement Responses*  Refusal*  Permissions*  Command*  Common Expressions for the Unknown*  Exclamatory Expressions*  Expressions of Disappointment*  Asking Permissions*  Happiness*  Anger*  Weather*  Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant*  Useful Expressions - Paying the Bills*  Useful Expressions - At a Party/Celebration*  Useful Expressions - At the Hotel*  Meeting a Famous Japanese Person

What economic advantages did the Europeans gain from their conquests Essay

What economic advantages did the Europeans gain from their conquests in the new world - Essay Example The 19th century can be attributed to the big boost in regards to the economic power experienced by the countries within Europe. This is the time that colonization was taking effect. It is during this time that countries such as Britain, Germany, Italy as well as France emerged as powers entailing industrialization and as such, due to this industrialization, the population in respective countries became high and production rose. During this colonialism era, social Darwinism was becoming increasingly popular and as such, it was natural that these four economic super powers were engaging themselves in fierce competition towards survival. The driving force that led to colonization by these countries was to strengthen themselves in an effort towards securing a competitive edge in regard to the underlying competition between them (Milios 2004). The main reason behind colonialism, regardless of the country colonizing, was to exploit their subjects as well as the individuals who were residing within the boundaries of the colonies in an effort towards generation of the colonizer’s wealth in regards to the economy for the colony as well as the corporations of that colony. The push for generation of the economic power is what led to the presence of slavery, particularly in Africa. People within the colonies being colonized became subjected to coerced labor, that is, slavery or a system of labor characterized by indent. Most of the areas, which were being considered vast in regard to the natural habitats, became cleared and as such, they were being transformed into monoculture plantations (Milios 2004). Therefore, this paper will put a focus on the colonialism endeavors in regard to the European countries during their conquest of the new world and thereby establish what economic gain that these countries actually achieved out of this conquest. In addition to this, the paper will also access the driving force that led to the European countries

Gene Therapy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gene Therapy - Research Paper Example During this period, there was the discovery of cell lines which were genetically marked. Additionally, the cell transformation and how it occurred was clarified during this period as well. Developments in gene therapy were motivated by the later arrival of the recombinant DNA techniques. Clone genes were also developed which were valuable in the demonstration of how foreign genes can be used to male corrections to various defects in genes. This also revealed the importance of DNA in correcting the disease phenotypes which emanated from defective cells. Gene transfer methods and efficient retroviral vectors have shown that in vivo and in vitro phenotype correction is an effective gene therapy approaches (Dolly and Hunt 28). This is the reason why gene therapy has been justified and accepted to be applicable in clinical genetic studies which involve human subjects. Gene therapy techniques are likely to have positive impact in future scientific discoveries. This is because of its postul ated future use in the replacement of faulty genes and the introduction of new genes for treatment or modification of the clinical direction of a specific medical condition. Technical Aspects on how Gene Therapy Works Genetically altered material is delivered via three major methods. The first method involves retrotransposons or retroviruses (Murray 15). Retroviruses are commonly used due to their ability to transfer their own DNA or genetic information. Additionally retroviruses are able to alter the human gene genetically. Cell DNA has parts which are able to make copies of themselves into other sections within the cell genome (Rudolph and Aslam 44). These parts which are exemplified by the yeast transposon can be used in gene therapy. However the application of transposons in alteration of genes is still under research (Judson 40). Secondly, gene therapy is made possible through blasting DNA or genes by the use of pressurized guns which are filled with helium (Bryant, Duker and R eichel 90). The helium gun is used to fire gold bullets of very small size that are coated with genes which are genetically altered (Garber 60). This technique was performed on rats with tumors in gene therapy experiments. The results revealed that the tumor cells which successfully received the inoculated altered cells demonstrated activation of coding for cytokines which played a role of activation immune cells. The third aspect of gene therapy includes liposomes (Hogan 10). This method is still being investigated where hollow molecules of fat within a solution are used in gene therapy. This methodology is used in attempts to genetically treat cystic fibrosis (Fackelmann 239). Cystic fibrosis is a respiratory tract disease which results from the buildup of chloride ions. In the gene therapy for this disease, liposomes which are coated with genes that are genetically altered are inhaled. The genetically altered genes are designed to prevent chloride ion buildup. The experiments of gene therapy have revealed that the ion levels within the respiratory tract decreased significantly with the inoculation of the genetically modified genes. The advantage of this method is that it poses less potential risk as compared to retroviruses. Positive Aspects of Gene therapy Gene therapy is advantageous because it can be used to treat individuals who have congenital genetic disease. This can be achieved through the replacement of the

michael jordan :: essays research papers

In Jim Naughton’s book Taking To The Air, the main character is Michael Jordan. The book is Jordan’s life and talents. Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. He was the fourth child and the youngest of three boys. Michael JoMichael Jordan was one of five children born to James and Delores Jordan. He was born February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn. The Jordans' felt that the streets of Brooklyn were unsafe to raise a young family of five children. Instead of trying to endure the streetrdan is by any measure, the most popularWhat is Basketball without Michael Jordan When someone says the name Michael Jordan, the first thing that might come to mind is basketball, Nike shoes, or Wheaties. Through the years Michael Jordan has proved time and time again that he is the greatest basketball player ever and by doing that heMichael Jordan: King of the Court   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I began my report I didn’t know much about Michael Jordan, but I did know that he was â€Å"undoubtedly the greatest player in the history of the NBA† (â€Å"Michael Air Jordan† 1). It seemed like every time I heard the word basketball I also heard the name Michael Michael Jordan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twenty-four seconds left on the shot clock. Fans in the Utah Jazz’s Arena (the Delta Center) sitting on the edge of their seats while Michael Jordan dribbles the ball down the floor; he does a killer crossover on Bryan Russell of the Utah Jazz. Michael pulls up for the game winniâ€Å"Michael Jordan is the best ever. There shouldn’t be any question in anyone’s mind. There are no ifs, ands or buts about it. He broke the mold. There is no one remotely close to him, Nate Thurmond says. Look at all the finals, he always carried his team. He willed them to another title eaMICHAEL JORDAN: A MARKETER'S DREAM by Celeste Michaels Michael Jordan's retirement from the NBA came as a shock to the entire sports world. After winning an unprecedented third straight NBA title the man who many people touted as the greatest to ever play the game, not to mention king of all endovWhen someone says the name Michael Jordan, the first thing that comes to mind is basketball, The Chicago Bulls and Nike shoes.

My role as a career Essay

My role as a career is to provide personal and practical care services for people with a wide range of illnesses and disabilities, to assist service users with getting up in the morning and getting washed also helping them get undress also bathing and the toilet where necessary. To help service users with mobility problems and other physical disabilities, including Incontinence and help in use- and care of aids and Personal equipment. To help in the promotion of mental and physical Activity of service users through talking to them, by taking them out, sharing with them in activity Such as reading, writing, hobbies and Recreation. To make and change beds; tidy rooms; do light Cleaning and empty commodes, do launder service users’ clothing. Set tables and trays, serve meals, and feed service users who need help, prepare light meals and wash up, and tidy and clear away. To read and write in log-book records and take part in staff and service users’ meetings and in training activities as directed. To conform to all policies, procedures and guidelines laid down by Trewcare in respect of carrying out these care duties and in other administrative aspects of the business, as Relevant. To be available to work, as and when is agreed with Trewcare giving where is possible, 24 hours’ notice of any cancellation. To carry out accurately in a competent manner, instructions from managers and Supervisors that adhering to the care plans of individual Service users. To actively talk- and listen to service users, allowing for their personal choice in their own Home. To ensure all home visits are for the time allowed, as scheduled and request the service User’s. To maintain accurate, concise, up-to-date and timely records of the service user’s care, Care plan folder, medication forms, financial transaction all in folder. To return all relevant paperwork to the office Where deemed necessary by the company. To document each visit in the daily log, detailing tasks undertaken, any changes which have occurred and other information relevant. Nature to be considerate in respect of written comments made in the daily log so as not to unduly or unintentionally offend or upset the service user as they and their family/represent actives are entitled to read it. To work only within Trewcare’s regulations regarding the handling of service users’ finances, ensuring accurate documentation and receipting of any transactions. To be familiar with Trewcare’s Health and Safety Policy and to promote safe  working practices to ensure full compliance with infection control procedures following company policy to report and record any accident or incident which may occur – no matter how minor, Weather to the service user or carer to report back to the manager(s) or supervisor(s) on any aspect of the service user’s care which, in the view of the care/support worker, warrants investigation or urgent action to report immediately to management any noticeable changes in health, behaviour or circumstances of s ervice users – maintaining the service user’s right to privacy and confidentiality to participate in reviews of service users’ care plans as required. To be aware of, and comply with, the tasks and activities which must NOT be undertaken as part of care duties, as detailed in Trewcare’s Policy on Prohibited Duties (Limits of Responsibility) to advise supervisors and/or managers of any perceived problems or difficulties. Experienced with the service provided to service users To advise supervisors and/or managers of any ideas, this might enhance and improve the level of service delivered to the service users. To perform such other duties as may reasonably require. To participate in induction and foundation training and regular in-service training programmes as directed by managers or supervisors. To make myself available on a regular basis at an agreed, appointed time to assess and Review my personal and professional progress which will be recorded in my personnel file, which is available for inspection on request this will be carried out as either a one-to-one or annual appraisal. My name of employee is Yvonne Smith and my employment began at 8/10/13 also my continuous employment will begin on 8/12/13. My work rates of pay, as detailed on the attached sheet. It will be paid at four weekly intervals in arrears by bank automated credit payment (BACS). My hours of work is variable by agreement according to the demands of the service with no guaranteed hours, I will be notified of hours by management. My holiday entitlement is 5.6 weeks per year from April to March paid as an average of the previous twelve weeks in line with the statuary requirement. Any overpaid holiday pay will be deducted at the end of employment. Bank and public holidays do not apply. My entitlement to sick pay is as laid down by the statutory sick pay scheme. Pension and pension scheme, the company offers a stakeholder pension scheme to all employees. A contracting out certificate under the social security pension’s act 1975 is not in force in respect of my employment. My notice  entitlement and requirements, under 1 month of service is nil to employer, 1 month of service but less than 2 years is 1 week to employer and 2 years of service or more is 1 week for each completed of year of service to a maximum of 12 weeks of employment to the employer. Under 1 month of service is to employee (me) is nil. 1 month of service or more is to employee is 4 weeks. My place of work is at Trewcare clients homes and there office. A disciplinary procedure applicable to me is I must adhere to the conditions of service and requirements as laid out in the employee’s handbook and company policies procedures. I acknowledge that I have received a statement of the particulars of my employment as required by s.1 ERA 1996 and I have confirmed my agreement that above terms contract of employment with Trewcare Limited. I sign and dated the contract and my employer. My pay slip must show: Gross pay – My full pay before any tax or National Insurance has been taken off the amounts of any deductions which change from payday to payday – variable deductions, for example tax and National Insurance, and what the deductions are for. The total amount of any fixed deductions – these are deductions which don’t change from payday to payday, for example union dues. An employer does not have to give details of what these deductions are for, as long as they give a separate statement with these details on at least once a year. The total amount of take-home pay after deductions, and the amount and method for any part payment of wage (for example separate figures of a cash payment and the balance credited to a bank account). My employer might include additional information on your pay slip which they are not required to provide, such as: National Insurance number, Tax code, Pay rate (either annual or hourly), and breakdown of additional payments like overtime, tips or bonuses, which must in any case be included in your gross pay figure. Change of name, Change of address and Change of bank details. I recognize that employees may from time to time have concerns, problems or complaints directly connected with their work and need to have a speedy,  fair, consistent and reliable for resolving these issues. My company’s grievance procedure, described below, aims to resolve problem areas quickly, fairly and objectively. The procedure is intended to reflect good employment practice and does not confer any contractual rights on employees. Procedure – It is in everyone’s best interest to ensure that employee grievances are dealt with quickly and fairly and at the lowest level possible at which the matter can be resolved. Informal Resolution – Most routine complaints and grievances are best resolved informally in discussion with the manager. Dealing with grievances in this way can often lead to a speedy and successful resolution of problems, and is recommended to all employees as the first option. Formal Procedure, Raising a formal grievance – If the informal approach does not resolve the matter, (or if the employee wishes to opt out of the informal option then the employee must put his/her grievance in writing to his/her immediate supervisor or manager, provided that he/she is not the subject of grievance. A simple form has been designed for this purpose. Employees with reading or language difficulties should seek assistance, for example, from a work colleague. Dealing with the grievance – Upon receipt by the company of a written grievance the employee will receive a written invitation, with at 3 calendar days’ notice, to attend a formal meeting to discuss the matter. An employee may request a postponement of the meeting, on account of a companion not being available, up to a maximum of 7 calendar days. If the employee has difficulty reading, or English is not their first language, the content of the invitation letter will be explained to them orally. The meeting will be arranged within 5 working days where possible, of the issue being raised, although certain circumstances, such as the need to collect information, etc., may make this difficult on occasion. Right to be accompanied – The employee will have the right to make a reasonable to be accompanied provided that the grievance concerns a duty owed by the employer to the employee. As such, this right is unlikely to apply in cases such as complaints about pay increases, quality of the refreshment. This right is, however, restricted to fellow worker, a trade union representative or an official employed by a trade union, and not someone acting in a representative capacity. A trade union represented who is not employed official must have been certified by their union as being competent to accompany a worker. Employees will be reminded of this right  prior to being invited to, and attending any meeting, and if they exercise this right, they shall be required to inform the agency of the name/status of the person who shall accompany them. No employee will be reprimanded or made to suffer harassment or punishment from anyone as a result of seeking resolution of a grievance through this procedure. Where a grievance is about the employee’s immediate supervisor or manager then the employee may go directly to the department head or director responsible for their area, or, if their immediate supervisor or manager holds such responsibility, to that person’s immediate manager, provided of course that such a person exists within the agency’s organizational structure. Records will be kept detailing the nature of the grievance, the response, any action taken and the reasons for it and whether there was an appeal, and if so, the outcome. These records will be kept confidential and retained in accordance with data Protection principles. An employer has a duty to ensure that data is being processed lawfully. Home workers may need specific training on their obligations and those of the employer in relation to data protection, the procedures which they must follow, and what is, and is not, an authorized use of data. Employees should understand when and how they are required to dispose of data they may create at home, for example; by requiring those to shred documents prior to disposal Employers should carry out an assessment of the data protection implications of employees working from home. Grievance – If you have a concern, problem or complaint at work, you might want to take this up with your employer. This is called raising a grievance. You might want to raise a grievance about things like; things you are being asked to do as part of your job, the terms and conditions of your employment contract, for example, your pay. The way you’re being treated at work, for example, if you’re not given a promotion when you think you should be discrimination at work. For example, you might think your work colleagues are bullying you because you because of your race, age, disability or sexuality. It may be possible to sort out your complaint by simply talking to your employer informally. However, it’s not always possible to sort out your complaint in this way and you may want to take out a formal grievance. You don’t have to take out a formal grievance. However, if you end up making a complaint to an employment  tribunal, the tribunal may reduce any compensation they award you if you didn’t raise a grievance first. Be respected and to be treated as an individu al. To be treated in a dignified way, to be treated equally and not discriminated against. Be aloud privacy and cared for in a way that meets our needs and takes account of preferences and choices. Safeguarded and protected from danger and harm. Allowed access of information about them and cared for in a way that meets the client’s needs. Given choices and promote independence to be treated as an individual We are all individuals and everyone has their own unique character and personality, which are developed through the different life experiences, cultures and beliefs we follow. It is also through other factors such as social class, age, ethnicity, culture, background and gender. It is important and essential to treat different people as individuals and to try and meet their needs rather than stereotyping people. E.g. all black people are the same. Treating everyone the same ‘regardless’ is failing to respect diversity. Treated in a dignified way we all want to be treated with dignity and it is a very important part of an individual’s life. Working in the health and social care profession it is important to help people maintain their dignity so they can keep their sense of self-respect and self-wo rth. All health and social care professionals should be sensitive and aware of the needs of people and service users especially during times when the body and its functions could be exposed. Legislation that relates to health and safety includes, amongst others, the Health and Safety at work Act 1974, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and Health and Safety (Enforcing Authority) Regulations 1998. The general roles and responsibilities of health and safety policies and procedures agreed with my organisation for colleagues include, Having a personal and collective responsibility to promote safe working practices and maintain a healthy, safe and secure workplace and having a responsibility to ensure that they have an awareness of and comply with the organisations health and safety policy. Having an awareness of health and safety risks they face and the actions they should take to mitigate those risks. Ensuring that health and safety objectives, targets, processes and procedures are established and communicated throughout the organisation to all colleagues and ensure that clear accountability is established for health and safety throughout the  organisation. To take reasonable care of your own health and safety if possible avoid wearing jewellery so no spreading infections. To take reasonable care not to put other people – fellow employees and members of the public – at risk by what you do or don’t do in the course of your work and to co-operate with your employer, making sure you get proper training and you understand and follow the company’s health and safety policies and not to interfere with or misuse anything that’s been provided for your health, safety or welfare. Report any injuries, strains or illnesses you suffer as a result of doing your job (your employer may need to change the way you work). Tell your employer if something happens th at might affect your ability to work (e.g. becoming pregnant or suffering an injury) – your employer has a legal responsibility for your health and safety; they may need to suspend you while they find a solution to the problems. If you drive or operate machinery, to tell your employer if you take medication that makes you drowsy – they should temporarily move you to another job if they have one for you to do. Make the workplace safe and prevent risks to health, ensure that plant and machinery is safe to use, and that safe working practices are set up and followed make sure that all materials are handled, stored and used safely. Provide adequate first aid facilities. Train you about any potential hazards from the work you do, chemicals and other substances used by the firm, and give you information, instructions, training and supervision as needed and set up emergency plans also make sure that ventilation, temperature, lighting, and toilet, washing and rest facilities all meet health, safety and welfare requirements and check that the right work equipment is provided and is properly used and regularly maintained. Prevent or control exposure to substances that may damage your health and take precautions against the risks caused by flammable or explosive hazards, electrical equipment, noise and radiation also avoid potentially dangerous work involving manual handling and if it can’t be avoided, take precautions to reduce the risk of injury, provide health supervision as needed and provide protective clothing or equipment free of charge if risks can’t be removed or adequately controlled by any other means. Ensure that the right warning signs are provided and looked after and report certain accidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences to either the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the local authority,  depending on the type of business. The main health and safety responsibilities of others include abiding by the health and safety policies of the organisation and various health and safety acts. Tasks that should not be carried out without special training include use of equipment, first aid, administering medication, health care procedures, and, food handling and preparation. In order to access additional support and information relating to health and safety I would refer to my line manager, the policies and procedures supplied by my organisation and access any government based websites. It is important to assess health and safety hazards posed by the work setting or by particular activities in order to prevent risk of injury to oneself, fellow colleagues and service use rs. I would report any potential health and safety risks that have been identified immediately to my line manager both verbally and by written report if necessary. Risk assessment can help address dilemmas between rights and health and safety concerns as the risk assessment will highlight a risk, therefore if there is any dilemma as to whether the client could carry out an activity, as they may be legally entitled to, there will be legal documentation to state that an employee has notified the client of the risks involved in that activity. An accident could be described as an unintentional incident which could possibly have an adverse effect on a person’s wellbeing, initiated from outside the human body, whereby there may be some initial warning. Some of these incidences can include a slip, trip, fall, burn or cut. A sudden illness can be described as an incident that occurs without warning, from within the human body, for example, a stroke or heart attack. If an accident or sudden illness occurs then policies and procedures to follow include making the situation safe if possible, treating my causality if possible, as I’m a first aider, reporting any accidents etc. that occur in the health and safety at work/accident book and reporting these to my supervisor or manager. In general I would follow all organisational and legal policies in place. The legislation that relates to moving and handling is the Health and Safety at work act 1974. It is important that all risk assessments are carried out on the individual or object beforehand. You must bend your knees and not your back, hold objects to your chest and do not lift anything above the weight that is specified by your employer. In my role as a volunteer at †¦ I lift items of very little weight except from time to time I will lift  tables in the setting up of the drop in which is always carried out by two people in order to evenly distribute the weight. Some hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the workplace may include electrical equipment, hot water, chemical substances hazardous to health, soiled linen, various detergents etc., needles and other residents and people. Hazardous substances should always be stored in their correct containers and should be clearly labelled. They should always be used only by people who are properly trained to use these substances and trained people should use these in the manner that they have been trained to use these substances, they should be disposed of in the correct manner and using correct storage containers that they are due to be disposed in. some practices that prevent fires from starting include not allowing rubbish and combustible waste to accumulate or bins to overflow, check electrical equipment and wiring regularly, not decanting or using flammable materials near a naked flame. Some practices that prevent fires from spreading include raising the alarm ASAP, not messi ng with firefighting equipment, never leave doors open or obstructed, only fighting the fire if it is safe to do so and following all organisational policies. Clear evacuation routes should be kept clear at all times because if these are blocked then a person’s route to safety may be blocked resulting in possible injury or death in the event of a fire. I would use agreed ways of working to check the identity of anyone requesting access to the work premises or information, by checking in any diaries available, or with line managers, anyone who has an appointment that day, as well as referring to all organisational and legal policies that may be in force. If I was in any doubt whatsoever, I would refuse access and refer any situation whereby an individual was requesting any access or information to my line manager. I would also treat the individual requesting access to premises and/or information with respect and telephone their employer to validate that they are who they say they are. It is important to ensure that others known their own whereabouts so that they know the nearest exit in case of a fire or some other emergency where the building had to be evacuated. Indicators and common signs of stress can include headaches, tense muscles, aches of body muscles, increase in smoking as well as reduced ability to concentrate and becoming irate. Some circumstances that tend to trigger my own stress include people contradicting me when I’m correct in  what I’m saying or doing and when people badmouth things or people I like or love. The ways I tend to manage my own stress include accepting what other people are saying or doing (whether they be right or wrong), taking myself out of the situation and talking to people who are not in the situation or have nothing to do with the situation. If I had a problem with a member of staff, for example if I didn’t like the way that they were treating a resident I would go to my manager and explain my concerns, if after informing my manager the problem persists I would then go back, if my manager dismissed this as she has already talked to the staff member, this would cause conflict and I would seek help from someone above my manager (Regional Director). Anti-discriminatory: Treat everyone as an individual and do no dis-respect race or culture. Health & Safety: Keep up to date with all training and comply with all requested of me to ensure myself, colleagues and residents are not at risk of harm or injury. Confidentiality: Ensure all information is secured properly and don’t give out any information to anyone you’re not sure about, consult Team Leader if unsure. Whistleblowing: Identify the unethical behavior in question and determine how it’s affecting you or the organization in which you work. There are many things that I do that contribute to the overall delivery of the service provider, for example I provide the best possible care I can give to the service users & families of those service users by communicating effectively & being involved in their day to day activities and personal needs I may also write their daily reports in deep detail. I read and sign all the service users care plans to ensure I can provide the correct and safest care. It is important to maintain my skills and keep up to date with my training and keep up to date with changes in legislation, the quality of care to the residents of the home by setting standards of care for the carers to work to and need to be client led-always giving the person you are looking after his/her own choice/decision over what he/she would like done for them. After all they are the employers really. So showing respect at all times coupled with privacy and dignity when bathing or assisting them in toilet routines. Knocking on doors and waiting before entering a room is a basic must. But  the ideal carer is one who gets pleasure out of being helpful rather than regarding his/her role as just a mere job. It follows that if a carer wants the clients to do as they are told rather than being given choices and respect, then their quality of life becomes miserable and they will dread that particular ‘so-called’ carer being around. Codes of Practice, Legislation dictates our level and quality of care. Government initiatives impact the people we serve. I am a direct care support professional in the field of caring for persons with multiple disabilities, including developmental disabilities. For example, a code of practice in action, and in a very general sense – may be staff supporting, but also providing the tools, for individuals to become more independent. Too much support, they would learn dependence. Tools alone without support, they may not understand how to use them or when to use them. Occupational Standards would be a general guide for each career within a given field that expresses the foundational do and don’ts for each. Example, we would provide a minimum amount of service, documented and within the guidelines for the individual, while if we offered additional services that are needed and appropriate to the individual that would be good. Laws protect for the most part. Most laws are based on safety. So legislation that offers greater protection for the people we serve, and laws that provide a clear expectation for staff – which if we follow judiciously, also protects us – are incorporated into all daily activities and decisions. We do not restrain. That is protection for the individual. A person passing by an accident and offering help is protected from lawsuits by the Good Samaritan Law. So in these examples, both the individual, and the care-giver have laws that protect them. Government Initiatives – well, that’s a pretty general term as well which could also be interpreted in many different ways. Initiatives – I think of entitlement programs. Social Security, SSI, Welfare, WIC, HEAP, HUD, etc., These programs – governmental initiatives – provide additional support to persons at or below the poverty level, to help them to have necessities. Some, not all, persons with disabilities, utilize these programs / initiatives, to assist with whatever they are unable to provide through their paid community employment. These national factors give you guidance, standards and rules to follow my work practice. Legislation tells me what I must/must not do. My role and responsibilities in respect of employment practices and present an issue of public concern that has occurred within either the health, social care people’s sector. Additionally, I will create a career plan which reflects on my continuing professional development and related learning and possible future qualification opportunities. Maybe look at how the special educational needs code of practice impacts on what I do or who I contact in my setting. What does my job contract list as its minimum standards for duties and responsibilities that I am expected to work with, perform to & where wanted beyond in my daily work? Representational bodies are groups or organizations that guide or stand for the same thing that colleagues working in a Caring sector field. Care Quality Commission and General Social Care Council. Care Quality Commission: We are the regulator for all health and social care services in England. A regulator is an organization that checks services meet the government’s standards or rules about care. We check that people get good, safe care from: hospitals, dentists, ambulances, care homes and services that support them in their own home or in other places. We also look after the rights of people who need extra support to stay safe. This includes people who are kept in care under a law called the Mental Health Act. What we check: The government’s standards cover all areas of care. These rules are about things like: respecting people and treating them in the way we all expect to be treated and making sure people receive the food and drink they need. Giving people care in clean, safe buildings and managing services and having the right staff. We put care services on our register if they meet the standards, or act quickly if they do not. General Social Care Council: About the General Social Care Council (GSCC), The General Social Care Council is the social care workforce regulator for England. The GSCC is a Non Departmental Public Body established in October 2001 under the Care Standards Act 2000. It is sponsored by the Department of Health (DH) but also works closely with the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) in delivering the children’s and young people’s care agenda. The  GSCC works to improve the quality of social care services for the benefit of people who use services through regulation of the workforce and through its contribution to social work education. It has three main functions, It issues and distributes codes of practice for social care workers and their employers also it maintains the register of social care workers and it regulates social work education and training.

Essay on Manifest Destiny - 1312 Words

One of the largest and most wealthy countries in the world, the United States of America, has gone through many changes in its long history. From winning its independence from Great Britain to present day, America has changed dramatically and continues to change. A term first coined in the 1840s, Manifest Destiny helped push America into the next century and make the country part of what it is today. The ideas behind Manifest Destiny played an important role in the development of the United States by allowing the territorial expansion of the 1800s. Without the expansion of the era, America would not have most of the western part of the country it does now. Manifest Destiny, before becoming nationally known, started very meagerly. The†¦show more content†¦The increase in population would cause a nation to definitely want to increase land to accommodate the growth and to prevent over-population which could eventually lead to poverty. Other reasons fueling the need to expand included the thought that land ownership meant someone was wealthy and could support him/herself. An easy way to achieve this reputation was to move west where land was easy to obtain. Land ownership could also signal political power which was very important. Another reason was in 1818 and 1839 the United States suffered an economic depression (Manifest Destiny). Instead of relying on the government in the crisis, citizens found life better on the frontier away from the depression. Trade was a very important part of the life in the nineteenth century so being able to live on the west coast would open a whole new window of trade opportunities. Ports on the west coast could also turn into large cities and prosper like the ones on the east coast and promote new commerce (Adams 332). Supporters of Manifest Destiny ranged from humble farmers and lower-classmen to powerful political leaders of the era. Though supporters social classes differed, they shared many similar views. The supporters believed that the United States had superiority over neighboring countries in talent and political institutions (Adams 332). Some supportersShow MoreRelatedEssay On Manifest Destiny1709 Words   |  7 Pagesone of many seminal events in the history of the United States. However, it began the debt we are still in today; the Louisiana Purchase gave us the land that began the Manifest Destiny. â€Å"The term Manifest Destiny originated in the 1840’s when John L. O’Sullivan said in an article that it was the American colonist’s Manifest Destiny to spread over the continent and that God had given them the land for the sole purpose of multiplying and free development.† (History.com staff). It was this philosophyRead MoreThe Manifest Destiny Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesfull swing by the 1840s. Which evidenced that the continued expansion of the states was an issue and the idea of a Manifest Destiny was of major importance. John L. O’Sullivan once stated, â€Å"Our Manifest Destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions† (America: A Narrative History). The idea of a Manifest Destiny originated in the 1840s by the Anglo-Saxon Colonists to expand their ideal civilization and institutions across NorthRead MoreManifest Destiny : Ideal Or Justification Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesManifest destiny: Ideal or Justification The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of U.S in 1803. But it is not enough for ambitious Americans, we are not satisfied, we wanted more territory. So western expansion did not end, it actually keep moved. Westward Expansion is a very significant part in U.S history. It operated perfectly based on the ideology called manifest destiny. However, the creation of this theory is on purpose. It was used to push U.S territory to further west. When the idea of manifestRead MoreManifest Destiny Is An American Philosophy Essay2281 Words   |  10 Pages Manifest Destiny is an American philosophy with which it is to justify how that country has understood their place in the world and how to relate to other people. It is a doctrine, phrase or idea that expresses the belief that the United States is destined to spread to the four winds as supports the idea that is, to expand on the territories conquered North America and, in general, on the Western Hemisphere. This doctrine was not free of racism, considering that the American people wereRead MoreManifest Destiny Research Paper :1382 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Manifest Destiny Research Paper: The 1840’S were years of unprecedented growth for United States; in a mere four years, the national domain more than doubled with an additional 1.2 million miles being added to the country. (PBS) This was due to a movement called Manifest Destiny that suggested that the United States was â€Å"destined† to stretch from coast, sea to shining sea, uninterrupted by anything or anyone. (History.com) However, complex and underlying motives guided Manifest Destiny advocatesRead MoreManifest Destiny And Westward Expansion Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pages1) OUTLINE: I. Topic sentence. Manifest destiny and westward expansion was a tremendous key component to the growth of the nation economically because of the impact it had on native americans, women empowerment, and expanding the population of the country. II. Significance of topic. Americans looked towards the western lands as an opportunity for large amounts of free land, for growth of industry, and pursue the manifest destiny. III. List of evidence related to topic. The railwaysRead MoreManifest Destiny: Term or Reality Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe three authors that describe Manifest destiny have very different beliefs but all use one person with vastly different views on Manifest Destiny and his beliefs on the term. The person that first used the term in any form of writing was John O’ Sullivan and is accredited with coining the phrase but much of this time had this strong belief in expanding the territory and states of the United States. Their views on this term were different because some believed that the United States should expandRead MoreExplain The Background, And Repercussions Of Manifest Destiny1956 Words   |  8 PagesExplain the background, and repercussions of, Manifest Destiny. In 1845, John O’Sullivan wrote an Article in the ‘United States Magazine and Democratic Review’ in favor of the annexation of Texas. In this article the term ‘Manifest Destiny’ was created. O’Sullivan wrote â€Å"the fulfilment of our Manifest Destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.† Thus supplying the American people with the idea that it was their God-givenRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John L. Sullivan1491 Words   |  6 PagesIt is hard to read anything about the history of the United States without coming across the term â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. Manifest Destiny is a term, which was first coined by John L. Sullivan in the summer 1845 issue of the Democratic Review. â€Å"Hence it was carried into the debate on the Oregon question in the House of Representatives and proved to be such a convenient summing up of the self-confident nationalist and expansionist sentiment of the time that it passed into the permanent national vocabularyRead MoreInsight about the Mexican War and the Manifest Destiny Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Mexican War and how did it begin? or What is Manifest Destiny and who came up with it? Those are all very good questions, so let me take the time to give you some insight about the Mexican war and Manifest Destiny. The Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from coast to coast. It was the concept that which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. Americans supported the manifest destiny because the Southerners wanted more land and Northerners