Who Invented the First Loudspeaker

The very first form of loudspeaker came to be when telephone  systems were developed in the late 1800s. But it was in 1912 that loudspeakers really became practical -- due in part to electronic amplification by a  vacuum tube. By the 1920s, they were used in radios, phonographs,  public address systems  and theater sound systems for  talking motion pictures. What is a Loudspeaker? By definition, a loudspeaker  is an  electroacoustic  transducer that converts an electrical  audio signal  into a corresponding  sound. The most common type of loudspeaker today is the  dynamic speaker. It was invented in 1925 by  Edward W. Kellogg  and Chester W. Rice. The dynamic speaker operates on the same basic principle as a  dynamic microphone, except in reverse to produce sound from an electrical signal. Smaller loudspeakers are found in everything from radios and televisions to portable audio players,  computers and  electronic musical instruments. Larger loudspeaker systems are used for music,  sound reinforcement  in theaters and concerts  and in  public address systems. First Loudspeakers Installed in Telephones Johann Philipp Reis  installed an electric loudspeaker in his  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹telephone  in 1861 and  it could reproduce clear tones as well as reproduce muffled speech.  Alexander Graham Bell  patented his first electric loudspeaker capable of reproducing intelligible speech  in 1876 as part of his telephone. Ernst Siemens improved upon it the following year. In 1898, Horace Short earned a patent for a loudspeaker driven by compressed air. A few companies  produced record players using compressed-air loudspeakers, but these designs had poor sound quality and could not reproduce sound at a low volume. Dynamic Speakers Becomes the Standard The first practical moving-coil (dynamic) loudspeakers were made by Peter L. Jensen  and  Edwin Pridham  in 1915 in  Napa, California. Like previous loudspeakers, theirs used horns to amplify the sound produced by a small diaphragm. The problem, however, was that Jensen could not get a patent. So they changed their target market to radios and  public address systems  and named their product  Magnavox. The moving-coil technology commonly used today in speakers was patented in 1924 by  Chester W. Rice  and  Edward W. Kellogg.   In the 1930s, loudspeaker manufacturers were able to boost  frequency response  and  sound pressure  level.  In 1937, the first film industry-standard loudspeaker system was introduced by  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer​. A very large two-way  public address  system was mounted on a tower in Flushing Meadows at the  1939 New York Worlds Fair.   Altec Lansing  introduced the  604  loudspeaker in 1943 and  his  Voice of the Theatre loudspeaker system was sold beginning in 1945. It offered better coherence and clarity at the high output levels necessary for use in movie theaters.The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences immediately began testing its sonic characteristics and they made it the  film house  industry standard in 1955. In 1954,  Edgar Villchur  created the  acoustic suspension  principle of loudspeaker design in  Cambridge, Massachusetts. This design delivered  better bass response and was important during the transition to stereo recording and reproduction. He and his partner  Henry Kloss  formed the  Acoustic Research  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹company to manufacture and market speaker systems using this principle.

The Faithfull Wife An Analysis Of The Odyssey And Agamemnon

The Faithfull Wife: An Analysis of the Odyssey and Agamemnon based on Theano’s Letter of Marriage and Fidelity The idea of marriage and family go hand in hand for most. The preconceived notion is that if someone has chosen a partner or spouse that they should be devoted and faithful to that spouse. Often times both partners are capable of remaining faithful in the relationship and are able to maintain the strength of their union. However, on occasion one or both partners commit adultery. Consequently, that betrayal often comes with disastrous consequences for everyone involved. There also tends to be some hypocrisy among male and female behaviors in regards to infidelity. More often than not a male’s infidelity is seen as acceptable while a female engaged in the same behavior is not. Adultery is committed in both the story of Agamemnon and in the Odyssey. In both of these stories, Agamemnon and Odysseus both commit adultery however their wives’ reaction to the adulterous act dramatically differ from one another. In an examination of Theano’s letter on Marriage and Family, a wife should remain faithful despite her husband’s transgressions. After reviewing the actions of both Penelope and Clytemnestra’s actions, I will test my thesis by proving why Thaeno is accurate in his description of a faithful wife. In the story of the Odyssey, Penelope, the wife of Odysseus remains faithful, and demonstrates the qualities Thaeno believes a wife should have. According to Thaeno a wife

Review Chapter 19 Free Essays

Chapter 19 Review Questions 1. D 2. B 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now D 4. C 5. E 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. b 14. B 15. D 16. 1. G, 2. C, 3. F, I, 4. H, 5. D 17. Their location and the thinness of walls, allow for exchange of materials between the blood and interstitial fluid. 18. Elastic arteries: Location- near the heart Histology elastin and smooth muscle cells Functional adaptations they function as simple elastic tubes Muscular arteries Location deliver blood to specific body organs Histology smooth muscle and fibrous Functional adaptation active in vasoconstriction Arterioles Location leading to the capillary beds Histology thinner but also mostly smooth muscle and fibrous Functional adaptation determine the minute to minute flow into the capillary beds. 19. Blood flow =the difference in blood flow divided by resistance 20. Blood Pressure is the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood expressed in mmHg. Systolic is pressure at contraction, and diastolic is pressure at rest. B) 110-140, over70-80. Short term control mediated by the nervous system and blood borne hemicals,counteracting moment to moment fluctuations in bp by altering peripheral resistance. Involves baroreceptors and to a lesser degree chemoreceptors. 21. It is fastest in the aorta and large arteries, where the cross sectional area is the highest and slower in the capillaries where the cross sectional area is least. 22. The blood flow to the skin for the purpose of nutrients is served by autoregulation in response to the need for oxygen. The flow for tem perature regulation requires neural intervention, and are controlled by temperature receptors from higher CNS centers. 23. When experiencing the Fight or flight reflex the nervous system and blood borne chemicals counteract moment to moment fluctuations in B/P and CO. The neural controls distribute blood to the organs needing it like you musculoskeletal system during running, and chemoreceptors react to increased co2 or decreased o2 levels are present, flight. 24. Tissue perfusion, blood flow through body tissues is involved in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to and the removal of wastes from the tissue cells, as well as gas exchange in the lungs absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract and urine formation in the kidneys. The rate of blood flow to the tissues is almost exactly right to provide proper function. 1. Lipid soluble molecules such as respiratory gasses diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the endothelial cell plasma membranes. Small water soluble solutes such as amino acids and sugars pass through fluid filled intercellular capillary clefts or fenestrations. Some larger molecules such as proteins are actively transported in pinocytitic vesicles or caveolae. 25. Hepatic portal vein, Superior mesenteric vein, Splenic vein, Inferior mesenteric vein. In most circulation, the blood goes from the heart to the aorta to the arteries, to the organ or tissue, to the veins and back to the heart. In a portal circulation, the blood goes from the heart to the aorta to the arteries, to the organ or tissue, to a vein, then to another tissue or organ BEFORE it goes back to the heart. An example of this is the blood that goes through the anterior mesenteric artery to the small intestine, goes through the mesenteric vein to the hepatic portal vein, and to the liver, before it returns to the heart. This is because the blood coming from the intestines has a lot of sugar that it absorbed. The body tries to keep the level of sugar in the blood the same at all times. So, the blood goes to the liver, where it stores some of the sugar, before it goes back to the heart and through the rest of the circulation. Then, in the middle of the night, when you haven’t eaten anything in a while (and the level of sugar in your blood is low), some of that sugar that was stored in the liver is released back to the blood. How to cite Review Chapter 19, Papers

Case Study of Brown and Steele-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss deductibility under S 8-1. Relevant Case-brown 's Case and Steele Case. Answer: Introduction In the given case Taite Moneybags and his business colleague Aramis Lotsamoney were planning to start a business. Both these people are resident of UK for tax purposes. Both these people have plans of starting a business relating to land development activities. They are planning to set up a company who will borrow money as per the company structure and they will send the money with hundred percent owned subsidiary at commercial rates. The subsidiary company will use the money to buy land and we'll subdivide those and will sell the subdivided land to the general public. They are planning to invest the initial 2 years of planning and the next coming 5 years for carrying out the company's business operation. The subsidiary company in return will pay interest to the parent company for the loan that the parent company has given them for carrying out the business operations along with dividend for the 100% shareholding held by the parent company. As per the business model of a company, the parent company will sell the subsidiary company to a least competent tender applicant and has a plan of the purchasing the same in 2 to 3 years at a lower price. The business model that has been put in place by the management required huge initial investment. Further, the subsidiary that has been sold will let to losses as the interest amount have to be paid and the loans will not be paid off letting to only the necessary loan commitment will be paid. These losses will be carried out till the repurchased subsidiary will turn out to be profitable. (Gov.UK, 2017) Permanent Establishment If a person who is a resident of some other country is operating in Australia and at the same time any person who is a resident in Australia and is operating a business in overseas is impacted by the double taxation treaty which has been taken place among the government of both the countries. If a person resident in some other country is doing business in Australia and is working in Australia and his country in which he is resident has a tax treaty with Australia, then, in that case, he is required to get himself registered with the tax authorities of the country. As per the provision of Australian tax laws, the permanent establishment plays a vital role in determining the taxability of a company. A permanent resident refers to a place from where the business has been wholly or partially being carried out by the business house. Further, a permanent residence includes sales outlet, branches, factories, place of management etc. If a person is a resident of a country who has a tax treat y with Australia then any income that has been generated from a business which has a permanent establishment in Australia will be taxed as per the provision of Australian tax act. In this case, it is important that the income that has been generated from the business is carried out through the help of permanent establishment in Australia itself. Any other type of business income will not be taxable in Australia. In the given case, UK and Australia has an income tax treaty and a double taxation avoidance agreement among themselves as a result of which any income that has been generated through the help of permanent establishment will be taxed in Australia considering the provision of the Australian tax laws. As per the provision of the Australian tax laws any asset that has been owned by the tax payer in relation to the above business will be subject to the Australian capital gain tax that will be levied on the tax assessee at times when the asset is sold or disposed of. (Anon, 2008) Thus, considering the above facts, it is evident that the establishment of permanent establishment is important in determining the tax liability of the tax payer especially a company in Australia. Thus, Taite Moneybags and his business colleague Aramis Lotsamoney were a resident of UK but any income that has been earned by them in Australia via carrying out of business will be taxable as per the income tax laws of the country. Deductibility of Interest Expenses Relevant Case Laws In the given case, as per the business model of the company, the parent company was planning to give a loan to its subsidiary company at commercial rates. The amount of interest that has been paid by the subsidiary company to the parent company will be treated as interest expense in the books of the subsidiary company. From the perspective of the income tax, as per section 8-1 of the income tax assessment act 1997, an expense that has been incurred by the assessee in producing or gaining the assessable income will be allowed as deduction or further the same has been incurred for the purpose of the carrying out the business which in return will be used for generating income. (ATO, 2017) As per the case law FC of TV Total holding (Australia) PTY LTD, the tax payer was a wholly owned subsidiary company of Compgnie Francaise Des Petroles (CFP) which is a French company. The tax payer holds all the shares in Total Australia Limited (TAL). Later in the year 1968, the taxpayer transferred 50% of the shares in TAL to Total Boral Ltd which is also 50% owned by the tax payer. Further, in the year 1972, the taxpayer purchased the balance 50% stake in the TAL limited. TAL was engaged in carrying out the business of selling and marketing of petroleum products. The taxpayer in order to carry out the above operations has borrowed $23 million from its parent company. This amount was borrowed at an interest rate of 3% and further lent the same to Tal at an interest rate of 7% and with a note that the interest amount has been charged by the parent company (taxpayer) only at times when TAL was not fully owned by the taxpayer, else the same was interest free. The income tax commission n this case has denied the carry forward of the losses by stating that there has been no direct nexus that exists between the income producing activities and the making interest-free loans to TAL. The commission was of the opinion that the interest-free loan has been made by the taxpayer with an intention to make the company profitable and then sell the shares of the company at a higher price. The federal court, in this case, decided that the taxpayer is entitled to claim a deduction for the interest amount that it has paid to his parent company which it has further let out to TAL interest-free. It has further been guided by the notion that the interest-free loan has been provided by the taxpayer to TAL with an intention to make TAL profitable and make it commercially feasible to pay a dividend to the taxpayer. (Northrop and Fisher JJ concurring). Thus, in this case, it was later on decided that the amount of interest that has been paid by the taxpayer to its parent company was imp ortant for the derivation of the company and thus meet out all the tests of section 51 of the Act. Thus, in this case, the commissioner contention for the interest-free loan relation to the business activities was put aside by the court. (ATO, 2017) Further for the purpose of determining the deductibility of the interest expenses, there is certain ruling in place. In case law (Fletcher Ors v. FC of T 91 ATC 4950; (1991) 22 ATR 613, FC of T v. Energy Resources of Australia Limited 96 ATC 4536; (1996) 33 ATR 52, and Steele v. FC of T 99 ATC 4242; (1999) 41 ATR 139 (Steele)), it was determined that the deductibility of the interest expense is determined based on the examination of the purpose of the borrowing and the use for which these funds are been put. Further, in the above case law, it has been decided that interest paid prior to generation of the assessable income will be considered as spending in relation to the producing the assessable income in the following circumstances: The interest expense has not been incurred to soon. The interest expenses are not domestic or private. The planning phase before commencing the actual operation is not too long considering the nature of business the company is engaged with. On the other hand, in the above case law, it was provided that in case any interest expense has been incurred after the income earning activities are ceased, it is evident that the same has not been incurred in relation to producing the assessable income of that period or any future period, then, in that case, the interest expenses will not be allowed as a deduction. Further, if by any means, the taxpayer is able to justify that the even after the cessation of the earning activities will arise again and will let to an extension for which the debt was originally being incurred. In this case, the refinancing of the loan will have no impact in determining the taxability of the interest expense. In the given case, Taite Moneybags and his business colleague Aramis Lotsamoney were planning set up a company. The company will borrow money as per the company structure and they will grant a loan to its 100% owned subsidiary company at commercial rates. The subsidiary company is engaged in carrying out the business of land development activities. After a period of 7 years, the subsidiary company will be sold and through refinancing the same will be purchased again after 2-3 years. In the initial 2 years, the subsidiary company was operating in the planning phase. This planning phase was important considering the nature of business the subsidiary company was engaged in. Further, in light of the above case laws, the planning phase before commencing the actual operation is not too long considering the nature of business the company is engaged with. Considering the provision of the case law, in this case, it is evident that the interest expenses that have been incurred prior to commenc ing of the operations are relevant and the period of 2 years is also not too long considering the land development business of the company. The interest expense that has been incurred by the subsidiary during the life of the land development activities will be allowed as normal deduction being the same is related to the income earning activities of the company. On the other hand the interest expense that has been incurred by the company after the sale of the business will also be allowed as deduction considering the fact that the taxpayer is able to justify that the even after the ceastion of the earning activities will arise again and will let to an extension for which the debt was originally being incurred. Thus, considering the fact, that the business of the subsidiary company will be taken over again in the next 2-3 years as per the agreed business model, thus the interest expense during the period will also be allowed as deduction. As discussed above, the refinancing does not have any impact on the interest deductibility. In the given case, the subsidiary company is expected to repurchase the shares that have been sold at the lower price at which the same has been sold. Further, the losses in relation to the interest expense that has been borne by the company during the period of sale and repurchase of the business will be allowed as deduction. Considering the fact, that the business of the subsidiary company will be taken over again in the next 2-3 years as per the agreed business model, thus the interest expense during the period will also be allowed as deduction. Capital Gain tax Capital gain arises when the capital asset is sold at a price higher than its purchase cost. There may be capital loss sometimes when the capital asset is sold at a lower price than the purchase price. This form of income is totally different from the ordinary income. The tax payer cannot set off capital losses from the ordinary income. For the purpose of calculating the capital gain/loss, the cost that has been incurred in making necessary improvements in the capital asset and further cost that has been incurred for making the sale will become part of the purchase cost. In the given case the subsidiary company has been engaged in the business of land development activities. Thus, considering the nature of business of the company the land will be considered as a trading stock. As per the provision of Australian tax laws, the land, in this case, will not be considered as a Capital Asset. Thus, in this case, the sale of land by the subsidiary will be exempt from the purview of capital gain tax. Business Risk The business model that has been presented by Taite Moneybags and his business colleague Aramis Lotsamoney are subject to some business risk. The first and foremost is the change in the tax ruling that in greater terms may impact the taxability of the company. Currently, the tax ruling is in favor of the company but the same might get impacted by any law which in long run is not beneficial for the company. The management strategies will help the company in managing the risk. Further, from the perspective of the management, they are required to document the sale and purchase price of the land effectively. Further, all the documents that are required to be maintained in relation to the sale and purchase of the business/shares should be in place and should be duly verified by some professional expert. Bibliography Anon., 2008. Northrop v Thorsen. [Online] Available at: https://www.courts.state.ny.us/Reporter/3dseries/2007/2007_10124.htm [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. ATO, 2016. Foreign residents doing business in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/business/international-tax-for-business/foreign-residents-doing-business-in-australia/ [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. ATO, 2016. Tax on income and capital gains. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/International-tax-for-business/Foreign-residents-doing-business-in-Australia/Tax-on-income-and-capital-gains/#permanentestablishment [Accessed 5 aug 2017]. ATO, 2017. Taxation Ruling TR 2004/4. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?DocID=TXR/TR20044/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. ATO, n.d. INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?docid=PAC/19970038/8-1 [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. ATO, n.d. TR 2002/5, Income tax: Permanent establishment - What is 'a place at or through which [a] person carries on any business' in the definition of permanent establishment in subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936?. [Online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/print.htm?DocID=TXR%2FTR20025%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001PiT=99991231235958Life=20161207000001-99991231235959 [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. EY, 2014. Doing business in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Doing_Business_in_Australia_and_Australian_tax_landscape/$FILE/EY-doing-business-guide-australia.pdf [Accessed 4 Aug 2017]. GOV.UK, 2012. Australia: tax treaties. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/australia-tax-treaties [Accessed 4 Aug 2017].

Iv Therapy free essay sample

Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is when a patient is given liquid substances directly into a vein. The word intravenous means within a vein†. Therapies administered intravenously are often called specialty pharmaceuticals. IV therapy is commonly referred to as a drip because many of the ways it is administered use a drip chamber, which prevents air entering the blood stream and allows an idea of how much is flowing in to your body. Compared with other ways of administration the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. Some medications, as well as blood transfusions and lethal injections, can only be given intravenously. The simplest form of IV therapy is given through a hypodermic needle. This kind of needle is hollow and allows for the drip to be administered directly to the vein. The needle can be directly attached to a syringe or even to tubing that may be attached to a drip of whatever medication is needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Iv Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The needle is usually put into a peripheral vein, this is any vein not in the chest or abdomen. Any easily accessible vein can be used but most commonly veins in the hand or arm are used. In infants it is common to use the veins in the scalp. Central IV lines flow through a catheter with its tip within a large vein, usually the superior vena cava, or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart. This has several advantages over a peripheral IV. It can deliver fluids and medications that would be too irritating to peripheral veins because of their concentration or chemical composition. These include some chemotherapy drugs. Medications reach the heart immediately, and are quickly distributed to the rest of the body. However central IV’s run a higher risk of giving you an infection, causing bleeding, and possibly even causing gangrene. A common reason to be hooked up to an IV is for dehydration therapy. Those unable or unwilling to drink or who have repetitive vomiting can receive fluid replacement IV. You are hooked up to a drip and your fluids and electrolytes are replaced through the IV in your hand or arm. There are two types of fluids that are used for intravenous drips; crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0. 9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood. Ringer’s lactate or Ringers acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. A solution of 5% dextrose in water, sometimes called D5W, is often used instead if the patient is at risk for having low blood sugar or high sodium. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of the medications being given.

Parallel Structure with Prepositions

Parallel Structure with Prepositions Parallel Structure with Prepositions Parallel Structure with Prepositions By Mark Nichol Writers often mistakenly withhold repetition of prepositions with corresponding sentence elements in the erroneous belief that those elements can share a single preposition. In each of the following sentences, a repeated preposition is missing, and a discussion after each example explains the problem and a revision resolves it. 1. These developments are significant as the cost and influence of regulation on business models remain high in many industries. This sentence’s construction implies that cost can share the preposition of with influence, but it requires its own, because cost is parallel not to influence but to â€Å"influence of regulation on†: â€Å"These developments are significant as the cost of, and influence of regulation on, business models remain high in many industries.† 2. Such dysfunction can arise from incentives that do not encourage resiliency and management being out of touch with the customer. Similar to the problem in the previous sentence, from should be repeated before management so that the reader is not led to believe that management corresponds to resiliency rather than to incentives: â€Å"Such dysfunction can arise from incentives that do not encourage resiliency and from management being out of touch with the customer.† 3. They are designing preventive and detective control activities that are effective in the new environment, both from a risk-management and operational-scalability perspective. For the phrasal adjectives â€Å"risk management† and â€Å"operational scalability† to be fully parallel, legitimately sharing the noun perspective, the second phrase must, like the first phrase, be preceded by an article: â€Å"They are designing preventive and detective control activities that are effective in the new environment, both from a risk-management and an operational-scalability perspective.† (Better yet, do so and transpose both and from and repeat perspective after each phrasal adjective: â€Å"They are designing preventive and detective control activities that are effective in the new environment, from both a risk-management perspective and an operational-scalability perspective.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of Rhyme50 Idioms About Roads and Paths6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

The Impact of Technology in the Business World Speech or Presentation

The Impact of Technology in the Business World - Speech or Presentation Example Communication This is a fundamental factor in any business setting. Effective communication enhances coordination and planning activities, prior to the goals and objectives of the company (Bhatnagar, 2003). Technology has made communication easier by cutting the time taken to send and receive data and information as well making the communication process cheaper. Two or more businesses can actually work together from different locations. Online services in the context of the activities undertaken by businesses are easily handled in the current time, aided by internet and the World Wide Web. Computer and computer technology has enabled businesses to make diverse planning within a very short time. Planning and related programs have been developed for such purposes. Examples in this case are Gantt charts and schedule formats (Daft, 2008). Data handling technologies have provided functionality to the communication process, allowing for massive data storage and information transmission aro und the world. Customer service The success or failure of a business is determined by the customer base. Businesses may be well established based on capital portfolio and management but lack significant market share to facilitate its operational success. Adequate customer services facilitate market share take-over for businesses. Keeping in touch with customers is an essential business tool. Technology has provided easier means through which this can be achieved. Through online communication like chats and emails, a firm can consistently manage its customers. Timely response to issues raised by customers has been realized through the adoption of relevant technologies. Payments and receipts Business liquidity has improved with technological advancement. Modes of making and receiving payments have become more efficient with the adoption of proper technologies that aid the process. Fund transfer technology has provided a basis for the functionality of this. Funds can be transferred in the whole world in seconds. On the same note, invoices can be placed online without the buyer and the seller meeting. Debts and credits are easily handled without the need for the involved parties to meet physically. Financial institutions have integrated online services in their operations, making it easier to access funds from different locations in the world. Investments, exports and imports are effectively done without the need to travel to the specific locations that the goods and services are ordered from. Even where travelling is required, technology has enabled faster means of transportation. Multinational corporations Presence of a business in more than one location is important in diversifying that business’s portfolio. Multinational corporations are international firms that establish their operations in more than one country (Ojukwu, 2003). These firms have found a strong base of operation on technology. Activities between the affiliate firms and the parent firm ha ve been aided by technology. Use of websites has also provide a fundamental tool through which firms create awareness to the entire world about the products and services they offer as well as the prices they charge for their differentiated products.

Little Red Riding Hood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Little Red Riding Hood - Assignment Example In the modern version, the girl finds herself in the woodland after sneaking from her grandmother’s cottage to taste strange fruits and wild berries. The girl in the traditional version of the story appears to experience anxiety after meeting the wolf, but sojourns on to reveal her identity and whereabouts of her grandmother, an action that later costs her dearly while in the modern version, the girl spots the wolf, instantaneously falls in love with him and runs to catch it just to spend jiffies together. Whereas in the traditional version it is the girl who admires the beauty of the imposed grandmother, in the other version it is the wolf that admires the physique of the girl. Unlike in the traditional version, the modern tale allows the grandmother and the girl to live after meeting the wolf; the girl enjoys life with the wolf, giving birth to Leroi, the first Loup. Noteworthy, a clear analysis and interpretation of the two stories indicate that the stories are the same. The main character remains the same. The aforementioned differences arise due to changes in time, culture and geographical location of the writers. The events have been slightly altered to suit or portray the differences in cultures, landscape, and time and the need to make it easy and relaxing for the audience to relate it to their real experiences. The second version seems to have been developed from the first version. Apparently, I used context, flow of events, and themes to establish the level of difference and sameness in the two versions of the story. The context of the story remains same; an untarnished consideration of the stories designate that the forest and village are an imperative setting. I further considered how the story unveils, for instance, how the girl meets the wolf and how the end is designed. Additionally, I considered the themes of disclosure of identity and the girl’s growth to adulthood. Therefore, using

Ultraviolet Light Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ultraviolet Light - Essay Example This spectrum is made up of Vacuum UV, UVA, UVB, UVC and Far UV (Gould 54). This paper will elaborate on the benefits and potential hazards of UV light. This light is said to have energies that range from 3 eV to 124 eV. This form of energy has various effects on the molecular structure of various molecules of living beings. The light energy has photon’s power to alter chemical bonds in the molecules even though they do not cause ionization of the atoms. Majority of the ultraviolet light is absorbed by the Ozone layer. The light that reaches the earth is mainly responsible for the formation of Vitamin D in living organisms. However, due to the destruction of the Ozone layer, some of the ultraviolet rays are able to reach the earth (Gould 55). There are various tools used to measure and detect the presence of UV light. Various technologies can be used with regards to the part of the spectrum. There are various photocathodes and photodiodes which are sensitive to a particular part of the spectrum may be used to determine the presence of UV light. It is imperative to incorporate the use of optics so as to filter out the unwanted light (Gould 57). The UV light spectrum has various effects and benefits to humans. This light has been applied in the medical, forensic, astronomy, research and other fields. In the medical field, it is used in sterilizing various tools and equipment. In forensics, it is utilized to detect body fluids in a crime scene. The method has also been used to identify counterfeit documents using a UV sensitive watermark. In research, this light is used in splitting various compounds, for example, proteins and nucleic acids. In conclusion, UV light is necessary in the synthesis of vitamin D. However, prolonged exposure of this light results in sunburns, direct DNA damage and skin cancer. It is also said to cause damage to the eyes as well as exacerbate pre-existing skin conditions. Although the UV light is harmful to the skin, it has been

Analysis of FDI into Zimbabwe

Analysis of FDI into Zimbabwe UNCTAD (2016) reported that in 2015 FDI inflow to Africa was US$54 billion. However, Zimbabwe only received a fraction of the FDI at just US$0.7 billion (ibid). Similarily for 2014, 2013, and 2012 FDI trends have been low (ibid). According to the World Bank Group Flagship Report (2017), Zimbabwe is the 161th country to ease doing business with out of 190 contries. It pales in comparrion with its neighboring countries such as South Africa who is ranted at 74 and Botswana at 71 (WBG, 2017). Following the adoption of the USD in 2009, investment has averaged at just 16% of GDP- however; this is 17% below the investment rate of 33% of GDP that is required for economic growth (WBG, 2017).   It could be argued that the low FDI patterns are not reflective of Zimbabwes potential. The research paper will study influential factors that encourage FDI inflows into Zimbabwe and those that hinder Zimbabwes economic growth. Aims and Objectives of the Study The aims and objectives  of this research is to provide its reader with an empirical investigation of FDI into Zimbabwe and an analysis of what determinants are crucial to boost FDI inflows into Zimbabwe. Literature Review Bekaert et al. (2014) define FDI a occurring when a company from one country makes a significant investment that leads to at least a 10% ownership interest in a firm in another country. Dunning (2002) is accredited for the infamous electic paradigm thereom that is a commom framework for FDI. Dunning (2002) argues that foreign investors are driven in search for location, internalisation and ownership. In addition, foreign investors are attracted to developing nations such as Zimbabwe for resources, strategic assets and markets and efficiency. The favoured route for FDI in Southern Africa is for effeciency and resource seeking companies. Sikwila (2015) states that companies interested in efficiency are attracted to developing contries such as Zimbabwe. This is due to the low production and labour costs and trade liberisation. Resource seeking companies are in search of gold and diamonds in Zimbabwe and Botswana. Sikwila (2015) also argues that developing nations rarely, if ever, attrac t strategic seeking investotrs as they are often behind on technology and innovation due to domestic financial issues. Economic globalisation consists of FDI, trade and the transfer of technology and knowledge. Despite the globalisation phenomenon, it is evident that LEDC are yet to reap the rewards particularly in technological advancements (Van de Bank, C. 2010). Emperical Literature There are four frameworks that examine FDI in developing nations. The first concept studies the key factors of FDI in relation to push and pulls factors (Norris, E. et al. 2010). This approach focuses on examining factors such as the firms size, its parity conditions (interst rates, exchange rates and inflation rates), its five forces with particular attention to export competitiness and other operational and endogenous conditions. These factors either push or pull FDI. The second concept studies the FDI drivers that are derived externally to investors. Nguyen et al. (2012) classifies these factors into four areas (i) supply side (ii) demand side (iii) institutional. The third concept places FDI determinants into one of three economic groups. The first is the investment climate, secondly, the exchange market policies, and lastly trade (Sekkat et al. K. 2007). The final concept studies FDI in relation to timing, irreversibility, and uncertainty (Ramirez, M. 2006. Lee, C. et al., 200 9). Researches provide arguments for the above afromention constructs and will be dicussed in detail in the final research project. Research Design Methodology Saunders et al. (2012) suggest that ones approach to research stratergy and implementation is crucial as it determines the results and expectations one desires to achieve. To optimise the results, the research metholodody will begin by considering each layer of the research onion (Saunders et al. 2012). As the onion layers unravel, the model will offer a clear metholodogy in conducting the research. The research proposes for the variables to be GDP, Inflation, External debt, Trade Openess. The variables computed will all be led by theoretical assumptions and empirical literature. The methodology for the research will be a dominated by qualitative research with minor quantitative approaches (hbgkbgkergbkre). The general equation for the research can be traced to Clarkes (1917) accelerator theory, which was furher developed by Hicks (1951). However, it was Bernake et al. (1988) who observed that the neo classical approach to investment combined with the accelerator theory produced inte prable and accurate results for FDI in developing nations. Data Collection Method The research will use secondary data from a variety of enquiry sources thus reducing the risk of biased results. The enquiry sources are listed below (not exhausted); Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe South African Development Community Southern African Trade and Investmnet Hub World Bank Group World Trade Organisation Zimbabwe Investment Centre Zimbabwe Minsitry of Finance Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency

Should This Business Update To Windows 2000 From Windows 98 :: essays research papers

Should this business update to Windows 2000 from Windows 98 for its office PCs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the business world today, computers and the software applications that run on them basically control an well-organized business. Every major company is equipped with a computer, or network that connects through different branches throughout the firm. To keep up with the fastest technology that dominates the market is to be a sensible buyer. A system can be outdated in a matter of two years time. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to update to Windows 2000 from Windows 98 for its office PCs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Windows 2000 is intended to the business world and others who are running large networks of computers. It has a lot of things going for it, but just because it has some advantages over Windows NT and Windows 98 doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t mean everyone should try it. My purpose here is not to evaluate the software but to counsel caution before you undertake a major operating systems update. Even though Microsoft did a good job testing thousands of business applications, there are always rough spots in a transition. In fact, Microsoft has dedicated several Web pages to upgrade issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once if you then decide to update, do it when you can devote time to the changeover. If you have multiple machines, make the change in stages running the old operating system during the transition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the first thing is to determine that Windows 2000 is compatible with your machines. According to Windows 2000 ¡Ã‚ ¦s description,  ¡Ã‚ §you need, at minimum, a PC with a 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU, 64 megabytes of RAM and one gigabyte of disk space. It is better with a faster CPU (300 MHz or better) and several gigabytes of disk space. A bit more memory would be nice too. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Therefore, some small businesses would like to upgrade Windows 2000 but they are bound by their hardware. Actually, we can say that Microsoft has done a good job of ensuring that most business applications will work with Windows 2000. But before you take the plunge, be sure all the programs you depend on are compatible with it. Major applications such as accounting, word processing and database software probably will be OK, but some specialized programs, games and multimedia applications may not be compatible.

Music Piracy Is a Good Thing

Music Piracy is a Good thing Pirating music is one of the most common crimes in the world that happens everyday. However, ones you read this essay, I hope you will see this issue from a different perspective, it may not look like such a terrible crime after all. Most successful artists make in the tens of millions every year according to eHow. com. If that's the truth, how badly is piracy really hurting these people? If music piracy is effecting the artist so much then why do majority of the artists are living in mansions bigger than the White House?If pirating music hurts musicians income so badly it would show, and after all this time of pirating music it hasn't. Music piracy benefits artists more than it hurts, therefore it should be legal. Music piracy is mostly committed by people who are everyday people who have average income jobs and have families who end up being sued by big record companies over downloading music for free. It seems a bit to greedy when you look at the diffe rence in pay between the artist and the people who download the songs. ( †¦) say that the people who pirate the music are more likely to go to the show and buy the albums after downloading music (Ernesto).Also, people who pirate music tracks are very likely to develop an connection to the bands orartists and that will lead to them attending the shows, buying albums and merchandise. When putting this issue in perspective, record companies are just looking for money without any consideration for the ways of getting it. Record companies start suing people who have downloaded music for ridiculous amount of money in attempt to intimidate and scare off the fellons from downloading music illegally. The main groups affected are college kids that don't have the money.Sarah Barg was a sophomore at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Sarah received an email from a label company stating that she owed $3,000 to the Recording Industry Association of America (Bratton). For that amount,, Sarah would be paying $7. 87 for each song. Majority of the songs she pirated were from the eighties and weren't even relevant anymore, and yet she was battling record company’s in court over them them. Sixty students like Sarah at UNL received the same similar, as well as hundreds sent out to over sixty other universities across the country. Not knowing ow else to handle the situation, Barg contacted her parents and they had to cover her settlement. â€Å"I don't know what I would have done. I'm only 20 years old,† says Barg. Well over five hundred students across the states have paid settlements to avoid being sued. â€Å"I see it as bullying,† UNL freshman Andrew Johnson says, â€Å"Legally, it makes sense, because we don't have the money to fight back. † Johnson illegally downloaded one song and settled $3,000 to avoid being sued for one song. The money used came from the 18 year old's college fund and he now has to work two jobs to compensate for his loss es.The record companies seem to target those can't fight back. In 2007, major record companies such as Warner music groups, Warner Bros Records, Inc. , and Sony BMG Music Entertainment, tried to sue a young girl from Texas named Whitney Harper for illegally downloading music from file sharing networks on the internet (Malisow). Whitney was at the time was sixteen years old and was being sued for a minimum of $750 per song when Whitney downloaded thirtyseven songs. That is a little over $20,000 and she is only sixteen years old.Harper tried to use the Innocent Infringer Act that would reduce fees to $200 per song. In order to accomplish that, Harper had to prove she was unaware of the copyright laws by claiming that the copyright notice placed on cds were not on the file sharing networks on the Internet therefore she was unaware. The companies referred to the sixteen-year-old as a â€Å"long term massive infringer† of copyright laws. Harper warned that if the companies won the case that downloading music off the Internet could never be innocent infringement. The Harper case is one the few after many years still going through federal court.The companies had stated they were going to begin transitioning away from suing individuals and find better means of fixing the issue. After years of record companies using an intimidation method to fix the pirating problem, it got them nowhere because the amount of pirates only went up, and the efforts by the companies were in most cases useless. According to the Wall Street Journal, they attempted suing many single mothers, a thirteen-year-old girl, and a dead peope. The new approach is for the companies to work with Internet service providers and when music is eing pirated the user receives a warning that they will lose Internet service if they continue(WSJ. com). The companies still reserve the right to sue if someone is a heavy violator or has ignored several warnings, but even with this new system, it still seems like the companies are only out for money, but in an attempt to escape negative attention from the media, they change their approach. According to The Independent, people who illegally download music also spend more money on music, concerts, merchandises than anyone else.The Secretary of State for Business, Peter Mandelson, stated that the record companies new approach to crack down on illegal down loaders by cutting off internet service could potentially harm the music industry more than help it. â€Å"The people who file share are the ones who are interested in music. They use file sharing as a discovery mechanism. † The artists also have mixed opinions over file sharing, some such as James Blunt and Lily Allen are anti-piracy and Shakira is pro-piracy(Shields). Sites have come out with monthly bills for unlimited music plans that seem fairer.Some artists don't feel affected by file sharing and support the fact that piracy creates a bigger fan base for them. Bands like Ange ls and Airwaves have produced free records so copyright wasn't an issue. They figure that the fans will still come see them play and record sales aren't the only thing to being in a successful band. Some artists don't seem to realize that. Most artists make plenty off of record sales even with a piracy problem, so court cases and law suits on everyday people by record companies seems a bit greedy and selfish.Even with the new laws, they are still pushing to stop this unstoppable problem. Today music piracy is referred to as a dead issue. Most cases that are still pending are being dropped. This year a $54,000 fine on a single mother of four was dropped by the U. S. District Court Judge, Micheal Davis, who stated piracy is â€Å"no longer monstrous and shocking. The need for deterrence cannot justify a two million verdict for stealing and distributing twenty-four songs for the sole purpose of obtaining free music†(physorg. om). Thomas Rasset was convicted in 2007 and was order ed to pay $220,000, but the judge who presided over the trial called off the verdict, saying it was â€Å"wholly disproportionate and oppressive. † Her case was one of the thousands that had actually made it to court. In 2011, with new laws, these cases should not be forgotten about. The people who lost cases should be compensated and apologized to because they did nothing other than have an interest in the artist.

Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essays

Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essays Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essay Problems and Challenges Faced by AirAsia Essay AirAsia is a low-cost airline based in Malaysia. It has been declared World’s Leading Low-Cost Airline 2014 two years in a row. It has also attained the tittle of Asia’s Best and World’s Best Low Cost Airline by Skytrax for six consecutive years from 2009 until 2014. The approach used by AirAsia from prior year until now is to be easy to book, pay and fly and most of the seats are sold through online. This is in line with its motto ‘Now Everyone Can Fly’. AirAsia had expanding the business to neighboring countries such as Indonesia and Thailand years later. Despite all those success, AirAsia faced some challenges and problems where it place AirAsia in declining state. Incident of Airbus 320-200 crashed Irish Times reported that AirAsia encountered biggest challenges as jet goes missing in 2014 when an Airbus 320-200 with 162 people on board went missing during a flight from the Indonesian city of Surabaya to Singapore. Then it was disclosed that the airbus crashed into the Java Sea on December, 28. It killed all 162 passengers and crew. It was reported as the first major accident involving AirAsia plane. As a consequence of that incident, AirAsia dropped fares by 9% in the first quarter to bring back passengers. The Malaysian parent airline carried 3% more passengers in the first quarter than last year, while its capacity grew 10%, leading to a drop in its seat load factor, or the portion of aircrafts filled, to 75% in the first quarter of this year versus 81% in the same period of last year. The declining value of domestic currency Besides, the declining of the value in the currency has put AirAsia at loss. The company reported a gain of 321 million ringgit after it slod a 25% stake in AirAsia ExpediaTravel to its joint venture to its joint venture partner Expedia Inc. in February for $86. 3 million. However, it also reported a 350 million ringgit foreign-exchange loss on its borrowing mainly because of the decline in value of the local currency. The company made a payment for its fuel and aircraft in U. S dollar which they claimed it was their biggest expenses. The rivalry in the industry Therewithal, the competition among airplane companies is very though. In 2013, AirAsia’s profitable market has been shaken up as rival low-cost carrier group Lion has launched Malindo Air. AirAsia’s Malaysian short-haul operation continues to report industry-leading operating profit margins of about 20% its yields have dropped in recent months and the carrier’s profitability could eventually be impacted. Now, each of Airplanes Company in the world is trying to conduct some strategies to compete with another competitor in their industry. They all have come out with different strategies to make their company better than their competitors. To sum up, every company has their own kind of problems and challenges they faced whether it is hidden or visible and whether it is known or not. Without exception, AirAsia faced a disaster in 2014 with a jet crashed and the company has to deal with current and after-effect because of the accident. It also has to cope with declining value of local currency and it is hard for AirAsia to face this as their most related expenses to the airlines have to be paid in U. S. dollar. AirAsia also has to compete with other airplane companies which always come up with new strategies as to compete.

3 Ways to Double Up When Converting Passive Constructions to Active Ones

3 Ways to Double Up When Converting Passive Constructions to Active Ones 3 Ways to Double Up When Converting Passive Constructions to Active Ones 3 Ways to Double Up When Converting Passive Constructions to Active Ones By Mark Nichol Revising sentences so that they’re more active isn’t mandatory, but strive to make most of your passively constructed sentences more dynamic- and while you’re at it, don’t overlook opportunities to give a sentence more than one burst of energy. 1. Now that you have the business activities and conflicting activities defined, the associated privileges can be assigned to those activities. This sentence is easily rendered more active by repurposing the adjective defined as a verb and fortifying the bland verb have with it: â€Å"Now that you have defined the business activities and conflicting activities, the associated privileges can be assigned to those activities.† Even better, make the sentence imperative and therefore more forceful by beginning the main clause with the verb rather than the noun phrase: â€Å"Now that you have defined the business activities and conflicting activities, assign the associated privileges to those activities.† 2. There will still need to be thought given to understanding how conflicts of interest are identified and managed. Avoid beginning a sentence with a vague expletive; start with a noun: â€Å"Thought will still need to be given to understanding how conflicts of interest are identified and managed.† Better yet, enable the more active basic form of the verb give by employing the key noun at the outset: â€Å"Management will still need to give thought to understanding how conflicts of interest are identified and managed,† and explicitly stating that management itself identifies and manages conflicts of interests, rather than implying some vague actor, will strengthen the sentence even more: â€Å"Management will still need to give thought to understanding how it identifies and manages conflicts of interest.† 3. These have been in place for about ten years, with compliance actively monitored through annual assessments undertaken by a qualified assessor. Using with is a weak way to start a sentence or a clause. Easily strengthen a statement by converting a dependent clause into an independent clause; simply change with to and and insert a form of the verb â€Å"to be†: â€Å"These have been in place for about ten years, and compliance is actively monitored through annual assessments undertaken by a qualified assessor.† Better yet, in addition to employing the first half of this easy fix, fortify the second clause by making the actor, rather than the action, the subject: â€Å"These have been in place for about ten years, and a qualified assessor actively monitors compliance through annual assessments.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneySelect vs. Selected8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Assessing ELL students Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessing ELL students - Research Paper Example All together, adult ELL students in United States universities speak roughly 400 languages, even though approximately 80% are native speakers of Spanish. Individuals of Asian origin — mainly speakers of Cantonese, Mandarin, Korean and Hmong — account for almost 5% of the size of adult ESL learners in United States universities. While most of these learners are found in prime urban centers, many others reside together in smaller towns. English-language learners (ELLs) are concentrated in six states — California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, New York and Illinois. The English-language learners in those six states make up more than 60% of the ELL population. The United States federal regime’s No Child Left Behind rule of 2001 has created the urge to make legitimate and fair assessments for English-language learners an issue of pressing nationwide concern (Hakuta, 2009). Therefore, institutions have produced frameworks that tend to assist educators, practitioners and test developers, in making appropriate choices on assessment of English language learners in educational content fields. ... This is why university guidelines are so vital: they help teachers assess students’ mastery of content while reducing the role of the learner’s English proficiency in its assessment. The three universities that will be considered are the University of North Carolina, University of Denver and Georgetown University. Part 1: Interview University of North Carolina Freshly enrolled international learners, who are supposed to hand in a TOEFL score, are urged to take the English Proficiency Assessment prior to registering for classes (University of North Carolina, 2013). Students willing to be enrolled must go through some information at their admission letters to check whether they should sit for the exam. The exam is administered just prior to the start of the Spring and Fall semesters. The aim of the English Proficiency Assessment is to recognize those learners who would profit from more English instruction in a program (ENGL 601) created to establish standard United States academic writing conventions. Rooted in the results of the exam, a student might be needed to sit for the ENGL 601 program during his or her first fall semester of admission (University of North Carolina, 2013). A student meets North Carolina University’s English Language Proficiency requirements if they completed Grades 11, as well as 12 English, in succession, as part of two full academic years, in any high school via a state- or provincially-accredited United States curriculum. Also, the student is expected to have attained a grade of 80% or more in a Grade 12 state-examined English program, as part of one full term of education. University of Denver The University of Denver recognizes either the TOEFL or IELTS as

Retail marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Retail marketing strategy - Essay Example The entrepreneurs behind these ventures risk their capital, invest their time and make a living by offering consumers something they need or want. Most retailing involves buying merchandise or a service from a manufacturer, wholesaler, agent, importer or other retailer and selling it to consumers for their personal use. The price charged for the goods or services covers the retailer's expenses and includes a profit. Each year, this vital sector of the UK economy accounts for about 08 percent of our gross national product--more than $1 billion.. Most are store retailers, though there are other types of enterprises--such as e-commerce, mail order, automatic-merchandising (vending) machines, direct retailing (door-to-door and home party sales), and service providers. There are a considerable number of commentaries on the changing food retailing sector in UK. The sector is seen as being at the fore front of change and the leading food retailers are amongst the largest companies. Growing concentration in the economy has been associated with the increasing power of multiple retailers and a decline in the strength of the co-operatives and independents. The rise of the multiple retailers particularly through economies of scale and replication has produced a situation where only a handful of companies dominate food retailing. Currently the leading food retailers are Sainsbury and Tesco with Safeway in third place.